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ETHICS IN PRODUCTION

ETHICS IN PRODUCTION. ETHICS ???? . MORAL PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN A PERSON`S OR GROUP`S BEHAVIOUR. THE MORAL CORRECTNESS OF A SPECIFIED CONDUCT. PRODUCTION:-.

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ETHICS IN PRODUCTION

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  1. ETHICS IN PRODUCTION

  2. ETHICS ???? • MORAL PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN A PERSON`S OR GROUP`S BEHAVIOUR. • THE MORAL CORRECTNESS OF A SPECIFIED CONDUCT.

  3. PRODUCTION:- • The processes and methods employed to transform tangible inputs (raw materials, semi finished goods, or subassemblies) and intangible inputs (ideas, information, knowledge )into goods or services.

  4. BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY:- • What happened at the Bhopal Disaster? • 45 tons of Methyl Isocyanate(MIC) gas escaped from two underground storage tanks at a Union Carbide pesticide plant • When did it occur? • December 3, 1984 • Where did it occur? • Bhopal, India

  5. Statistics:- • Official immediate death toll - 2256 • Government of Madhya Pradesh toll - 3787 • Others estimate death within two weeks-8000 • According to government affidavit in 2006 • (a) Injuries-558,125 • (b) Temporary partial-38,478 • (c) Permanently disabling injuries-3900 …And you thought only weapons could cause Mass Destruction

  6. About UCIL:- • UCIL was the Indian subsidiary of Union Carbide Corporation(UCC), with Indian Government controlled banks and the Indian public holding a 49.1 per cent stake. • In 1994, the Supreme Court of India allowed UCC to sell its 50.9 per cent share. Union Carbide sold UCIL, the Bhopal plant operator, to Eveready Industries India Limited in 1994. The Bhopal plant was later sold to McLeod Russell (India) Ltd. Dow Chemical Company purchased UCC in 2001.

  7. Earlier leaks:- • In 1981, a worker got splashed with phosgene. In panic, he ripped off his mask, thus inhaling a large amount of phosgene gas which resulted in his death 72 hours later. • Again in January 1982, there was a phosgene leak, when 24 workers were exposed and had to be admitted to hospital . None of the workers had been ordered to wear protective masks. • A similar incident occurred in February 1982, when an MIC leak affected 18 workers.

  8. Warnings:- • Reports issued months before the incident by UCC engineers warned of the possibility of an incident almost identical to that which occurred in Bhopal . However, the reports never reached UCC's senior management. • UCC was warned by American experts who visited the plant after 1981 of the potential of a "runaway reaction" in the MIC storage tank. • Local Indian authorities warned the company of the problems on several occasions from 1979 onward but constructive actions were not undertaken by the UCC.

  9. What actually happened????

  10. Factors leading to gas leaks:- • Storing MIC in large tanks and filling beyond recommended levels. • most of the safety systems were not functioning • many valves and lines were in poor condition. • several vent gas scrubbers had been out of service. • steam boiler, intended to clean the pipes was nonoperational. • iron from corroding non-stainless steel pipelines

  11. Govt. Actions:- • Civil and criminal cases are pending in the United States District Court, Manhattan and the District Court of Bhopal , India, involving UCC, UCIL employees, and Warren Anderson, UCC CEO at the time of the disaster. • In June 2010, seven ex-employees, including the former UCIL chairman, were convicted in Bhopal of causing death by negligence and sentenced to two years imprisonment and a fine of about $2,000 each, the maximum punishment allowed by law. • An eighth former employee was also convicted, but died before the judgment was passed.

  12. Requirements for Industries:- • 1. Registration with Industries Department. • 2. Land allotment from Industrial Development Authority. • 3. NOC from Pollution Control Board under the provision of Water (Prevention of Pollution) Act 1974, Air (Prevention of Pollution) Act 1981,Environment (protection) Act 1986. • 4. Building Map approval from concerned Development Authority/Designated Authority of notified area. • 5. Fire Department NOC. • 6. Registration under Central Sales Tax Act 1956.

  13. Work conditions:- • Promotions were halted, seriously affecting employee morale and driving some of the most skilled ... Elsewhere. • Workers were forced to use English manuals, even though only a few had a grasp of the language. • By 1984, only six of the original twelve operators were still working with MIC and the number of supervisory personnel was also halved. • No maintenance supervisor was placed on the night shift • One employee was fired after going on a 15-day hunger strike.

  14. Ethical issues related to Govt. • Regarding registration of new industries • Regarding NOC`s • Regarding land allocation • Regarding plant layout • Proper periodic inspection • Regarding implementation of rules

  15. Ethical issues related to worker:- • Working environment • Odd jobs • Proper work study • Proper incentives • Safety issues • Training program

  16. Effects on Human Health • Respiratory Disorders – Irritation to the lungs, causing coughing and/or shortness of breathing. Higher exposure caused build up of fluids (pulmonary edema). Caused Asthma. • Cancer Hazard – Caused mutation (genetic changes). It caused cancer. • Reproductive Hazard – Association between exposure to Methyl Isocyanate and miscarriages. It may damage the growing fetus.May also affect fertility in men and women. • Traces of many toxins were found in the Brest Milk of mothers and were intern transmitted to the recipient babies.

  17. Remediation Process • Bhopal continues to suffer the environmental contamination produced by the release of MIC • Donations and medical/volunteer assistance has been provided • Union Carbide accepted responsibility and agreed to a $470 million settlement

  18. What’s the situation now? • To this day, the Union Carbide location in Bhopal is not remediated. • The plant still leaks toxic chemicals such as: • Mercury • Trichloroethane • Chlorinated organics • Lead

  19. Ethical issues related to Society And Environment:- • Air • Water • Soil • Noise • Living Creatures

  20. Some Suggestions….. • Environmental policies in CSR • Rain water harvesting • Organizing camps to aware farmers • Water treatment plant • Industries should follow the rules/laws of govt. to preserve environment • Free pollution check by govt. • Can you suggest some more………………….?

  21. Packaging:- • Materials used to wrap or protect goods. • The business or process of packing goods.

  22. Ethical Issues related to packaging:- a) Label information  b) Packaging graphics c) Packaging safety  d) Environmental issues  e) Amount of packaging material used f) Disposal

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