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Essential Traits of Cells: Structure and Function Explained

This lesson explores the fundamental traits of cells, the smallest units of life capable of performing essential functions. It compares prokaryotic cells, which lack membrane-bound structures (e.g., bacteria), with eukaryotic cells that have membrane-bound organelles (e.g., animals, plants, fungi). Key components such as the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleus, nuclear membrane, and nucleolus are discussed. Understanding these structures is vital for grasping how cells operate and interact in living organisms.

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Essential Traits of Cells: Structure and Function Explained

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  1. Cell Structures LESSON 1

  2. COMMON CELL TRAITS • A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

  3. COMPARING CELLS • The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)

  4. Prokaryotic Cells(proh KAYR ee yah tihk) • cells without membrane-bound structures • EX: bacteria pond scum

  5. Eukaryotic Cells(yew KAYR ee yah tihk) • cells with membrane-bound structures • EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists

  6. CELL WALL • protects the cell • gives shape • is made of cellulose • A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria.

  7. CELL MEMBRANE • Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells • For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is inside the cell wall • Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.

  8. CYTOPLASM • gelatin-like inside cell membrane • constantly flows • aka protoplasm

  9. CYTOSKELETON • scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm • helps the cell maintain or change its shape • made of protein

  10. NUCLEUS • Directs all cell activities • Contains instructions for everything the cell does • These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA • Usually the largest organelle

  11. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE • separates nucleus from cytoplasm • controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus

  12. NUCLEOLUS • Aka “little nucleus” • Found in the nucleus

  13. CHROMATIN • contains genetic code that controls cell • made of DNA & proteins

  14. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.

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