The Impact of Lower-Body Fat on Metabolically Healthy Obesity

Dec 25, 2025

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This article explores the contrasting relationship between lower-body fat accumulation and the phenomenon of metabolically healthy obesity. It highlights how distinct characteristics of upper-body and lower-body adipose tissue influence overall metabolic health. By analyzing the biological mechanisms underlying the distribution of adipose tissues, the authors, Karpe and Pinnick, offer insights into how these fat deposits relate to whole-body phenotypes and their implications for public health and obesity treatments.

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The Impact of Lower-Body Fat on Metabolically Healthy Obesity

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Figure 1 Opposing association between lower-body fat accumulation and metabolically healthy obesity Karpe, F. & Pinnick, K. E. (2014) Biology of upper-body and lower-body adipose tissue—link to whole-body phenotypes Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2014.185

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Figure 2 Schematic representation of potential depot-specific differences between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in mice with normal GH signalling, low GH signalling (such as Ghr –/– mice) or increased GH signalling (such as GH transgenic mice).

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Figure 1 Combination treatment schema for patients with rectal cancer enrolled in a clinical trial. Willett CG et al . (2007) Complete pathological response to bevacizumab and chemoradiation in advanced rectal cancer Nat Clin Pract Oncol 4 : 316 –321 doi:10.1038/ncponc0813.

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Figure 1 Results of cardiac function tests in the phase III trial of lapatinib plus capecitabine for metastatic breast cancer. Permission obtained from Geyer CE et al . (2006) Lapatinib plus capecitabine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 355: 2733–2743.

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Figure 1 Upstream determinants (genes and molecular pathology) and downstream effects (clinical phenotypes) for the main neurodegenerative disorders. Pievani, M. et al. (2014) Brain connectivity in neurodegenerative diseases—from phenotype to proteinopathy

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Figure 2 Transversal CT image of a typical small-bowel neuroendocrine tumour mesenteric metastasis (arrow). van Essen, M. et al. (2013) Neuroendocrine tumours: the role of imaging for diagnosis and therapy Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.246.

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