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Physical Education in the U.S.:

Physical Education in the U.S.: A Status Report from the CDC’s 2006 School Health Policies and Programs Study. Howell Wechsler, Ed.D., M.P.H. Director, Division of Adolescent and School Health NASPE, April 10, 2008. States Districts Schools Elementary school Middle school High school

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Physical Education in the U.S.:

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  1. Physical Education in the U.S.: A Status Report from the CDC’s 2006 School Health Policies and Programs Study Howell Wechsler, Ed.D., M.P.H. Director, Division of Adolescent and School Health NASPE, April 10, 2008

  2. States Districts Schools Elementary school Middle school High school Classrooms Health Education Family and Community Involvement Physical Education Health Services Health Promotion for Staff Nutrition Services Counseling, Psychological, and Social Services Healthy and Safe School Environment

  3. States Districts Schools Elementary school Middle school High school Classrooms Health Education Family and Community Involvement Physical Education Health Services Health Promotion for Staff Nutrition Services Counseling, Psychological, and Social Services Healthy and Safe School Environment

  4. Percentage of Schools That Offered Specific A La Carte Foods, 2000 and 2006 CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  5. Percentage of Schools in Which Students Could Purchase Specific Items in Vending Machines or at School Stores, Canteens, or Snack Bars, 2000 and 2006 CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  6. Physical Education & Physical Activity

  7. Percentage of Secondary Schools that Required Students Who Failed Required Physical Education to Repeat the Class/Course,* 2000 and 2006 *Among schools that required physical education CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  8. Percentage of Districts With Supportive Physical Education Policies, 2000 and 2006 CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  9. Percentage of States That Required or Encouraged Districts or Schools to Follow Standards or Guidelines Based on the National Standards for Physical Education CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  10. Percentage of Districts That Had Adopted a Policy Stating that Schools Will Follow National, State, or District Physical Education Standards or Guidelines CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  11. Percentage of States that Prohibited or Actively Discouraged Schools from Using Physical Activity to Punish Students for Bad Behavior in Physical Education, 2000 and 2006 CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  12. Percentage of States and Districts That Required Elementary Schools to Provide Regularly Scheduled Recess, 2000 and 2006 CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  13. Percentage of Districts That Provided Funding for or Offered Health Promotion Programs for Faculty and Staff,* 2000 and 2006 *During the 12 months preceding the study. CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  14. Despite These Improvements… • Only 4% of elementary schools, 8% of middle schools, and 2% of high schools provided daily physical education for all students for the entire school year • 31% of elementary schools, 16% of middle schools, and 5% of high schools did not require any physical education • 31% of high schools that require physical education allowed students to be exempted from physical education for inappropriate reasons CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  15. Despite These Improvements… • 68% of the schools that required physical education taught dodgeball • 32% of elementary schools did not provide daily recess for all students • 52% of schools did not offer intramural activities or physical activity clubs for students CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  16. Curriculum requirements Teaching methods and topics How class time is spent Specific types of activities taught in PE and offered in interscholastic and intramural programs Student assessment requirements and practices Materials provided by states and districts, and used by teachers Policies and practices related to PE for students with disabilities Collaboration with other school staff and community programs Safety-related policies Facilities for PE and other physical activity programs Professional preparation requirements Professional development offered, received, and wanted SHPPS Also Collects Data on…

  17. Percentage of PE Classes or Courses That Had a Teacher Who Received Staff Development* on Specific Topics (Top 5 Topics) *During the 2 years preceding the study. CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  18. Percentage of PE Classes or Courses That Had a Teacher Who Wanted Staff Development on Specific Topics (Top 5 Topics) *During the 2 years preceding the study. CDC, School Health Policies and Programs Study, 2000 and 2006

  19. www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/shpps

  20. School Health Profiles

  21. Among Middle and High Schools That Required Physical Education, Percentage in Which Students Could Not Be Exempted from Required a PE Course for Certain Reasons* —Selected States, 2006 *Enrollment in other courses, high physical competency test score, and participation in school or community sports, other school activities, vocational training, and community service activities. N** = 34 participating states. School Health Profiles, 2006

  22. WHERE ARE WE HEADED?

  23. Pennsylvania should establish a public school that places as much emphasis on physical as on intellectual fitness because“exercise invigorates the soul as well as the body.”- Benjamin Franklin, 1749

  24. Analysis of Associations Between Time Spent in Physical Education and Academic Achievement* Nationally representative sample: 5,316 students starting kindergarten in 1998-99, followed through 5th grade PE measure: Low (0-35 mins./week), Medium (36-69), High (70-300) AA measure: Mathematics and reading tests designed by experts Higher amounts of PE not associated with AA in boys A small but significant benefit on both the math and reading tests were observed for girls in the high PE category compared with those in the low PE category *Carlson SA et al. Am J Pub Health 2008 April

  25. Percentage of U.S. High School Students Getting Mostly A’s or B’s and Mostly D’s or F’s*Who Engage in Selected Health Risk Behaviors *As reported by students Unpublished analyses of CDC, National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2003

  26. School Health Tools Policy Guidance Self Assessment and Planning Physical Education Curriculum Selection or Development Staff Health Promotion

  27. 65% of U.S. adults believe schools should play a major role in fighting the obesity problem1 81% of parents of children in K—12 want their kids to receive daily physical education2 Opinions of U.S. Adults About School Health Programs 1. Survey by Lake Snell Perry and Associates for Harvard Univ., based on interviews with a nationally representative sample of 1,002 adults, May-June 2003 2. Survey by Opinion Research Corp. based on interviews with a nationally representative sample of 1,017 adults, February 2000 (margin of error = +6%)

  28. A Survey of >400 Employers # 1 factor that will have the largest impact on the workplace over the next five years: #1 emerging content area in terms of its importance for future graduates entering the U.S. workforce in the next five years: rising health care costs Making Appropriate Choices Concerning Health and Wellness (76% of employer respondents rated it as “most critical”)

  29. Direct and indirect health care costs of obesity and overweight: $98 billionin 20041,2 ½ of costs publicly financed by Medicare or Medicaid1 Economic Costs Associated with Obesity are High • For obese vs. normal-weight adults: • Healthcare costs 36% higher3 • Medication costs 77% higher3 Obesity accounted for over 25% of the increase in per capita health care costs between 1987 and 20014 1. Finkelstein EA, Fiebelkorn IC, Wang G. National medical spending attributable to overweight and obesity: How much, and who’s paying? Health Affairs 2003;W3;219 2. Institute of Medicine. Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the balance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2005 3. Sturm R. The effects of obesity, smoking, and drinking on medical problems and costs. Health Affairs. 2002;21(2):245. 4. Thorpe KE et al. The impact of obesity on risking medical spending. Health Affairs. 2004;W4:480.

  30. Weight Issues Plague the Military • Ineligible for military service because they weigh too much: nearly 2 out of 10 young men and 4 out of 10 young women • “This is quickly becoming a national security issue for us. The pool of recruits is becoming smaller.”- Col. Gaston Bathalon, U.S. Army Associated Press, July 5, 2005

  31. A New Compact to Educate the Whole Child Each student: • Enters school healthy and learns about and practices a healthy lifestyle. • Learns in an intellectually challenging environment that is physically and emotionally safe for students and adults. • Is actively engaged in learning and is connected to the school and broader community. • Has access to personalized learning and to qualified, caring adults. Each graduate is prepared for success in college or further study and for employment in a global environment.

  32. 8) How would you see that the school district’s comprehensive plan for fighting childhood obesity and improving the health habits of students and staff is used and promoted?

  33. Physical Education in the U.S.: A Status Report from the CDC’s 2006 School Health Policies and Programs Study Howell Wechsler, Ed.D., M.P.H. Director, Division of Adolescent and School Health NASPE, April 10, 2008

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