History of Physical Education

1. History of Physical Education Now and Then

2. The Beginning of Physical Education Johann Bernhard Basedow 1723-1790 ∗First to recognize the importance of exercise ∗Required a specific uniform for his students to allow unrestricted movement ∗Offered a camp for 2 months during the summer for the children ∗Was known as a difficult man to work with For More Information go to www.bookrags.com/Johann_Berhard_Basedow

3. A Teacher Is Born Charles Beck 1798-1866 ⋆Friend and follower of Jahn ⋆Was hired to teach Latin and Physical Education in the form of German gymnastics ⋆Became the first official Physical Education teacher in America

4. Promoting Physical Education Diocletian (Dio) Lewis 1823-1866 ♣ Did more to promote physical education than any other single individual ♣ Wanted the feeble, old, fat, frail and women to have a system they could use ♣ Opened the Normal Institute of Physical Education in Boston ♣ Invented bean bags and wooden dumbells ♣ Also used music to enhance his exercises For More Information go to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian_Lewis

5. The Exercise Machine Dudley Allen Sargent 1840-1924 ☺ Invented over 80 machines, using pulleys & weights ☺ Contributed to anthropometric measurements - He took these measurements and compared them with standards at a given age, whereupon a series of prescribed exercises was given to meet the demands of each particular case

6. Games and Activities from 1900-20s • School Time Games • Midnight • Roll Ball • Puss in the Circle • Spider • Huntsman • Brownies and Fairies • Frog in the Sea • The Lost Child • Run for Your Supper • Crows and Cranes

7. Crows and Cranes • Rules • Formation – Two lines of players, the same number in each line, back to back and about one yard apart • The Game – One line is designated as the crows, the other cranes. If the teacher calls out “cranes” the cranes will turn and chase them. Those tagged go over to the other side. Should the teacher call, “crows the play is reversed. The side having the greatest number of players at the end of the playing times wins.

8. Word Origins • Kinesiology – From the Greek words “kinesis” movement . • Physical Education – From the Latin words “physica,” physics and “educatio.” • Physiology – From the Greek words “phusio,” nature and ology for branch of learning. • Flexibility – From the Latin word “flexus”, to bend. • Do you ever wonder where some of the words we use in physical education come from? • Exercise – From the Latin words “ex” & “arcere,” to restrain. • Gymnasium – From the Greek word “gumnasion” or “gumnazein” meaning to exercise naked.

9. Physical Education Comes to America ◉ 1820s Some American schools integrated P.E. into their curriculum ◉ After the Civil War, many states required that schools teach physical education ◉ For the first time, specialized training was offered for physical education instructors ◉ In another first, colleges offered intercollegiate sports such as rowing, football, and track and field ◉ The Olympic Games were restored in 1896, after a 1,400-year interlude

10. The Changing Face of Physical Education • Large groups, limited equipment • Athletes are leaders • Skill related • Teacher directed • Emphasis on competition • Grades based on attendance, dress, skill, level, fitness scores • Small groups; adequate equipment for active participation • All students have opportunities for success • Health related • Teacher as coach/guide • Emphasis on cooperation • Grades based on self-improvement, self-evaluation; peer assessment, skill rubrics Old PE Looks Like This New PE Looks Like This

11. What Constitutes a Quality Physical Education Program? • - Should Include the Following Three Things • ⊛ Opportunities for students to learn (time, equipment) • ⊛ Meaningful Content (variety, understanding) • ⊛ Appropriate Instruction (inclusion, practice, assessment) • Importance at each level: • www.aahperd.org/naspe/pdf_files/pos_paper/pe_critical.pdf

12. A purpose is served The purpose of physical education is for all students ♦ To learn and develop fundamental movement skills ♦ To become physically fit to participate regularly in physical activity ♦ To know the implications of and the benefits from involvement in physical activities ♦ To appreciate the value of physical activity and its contributions to a healthy lifestyle

13. Facts About Physical Activity • • The percentage of overweight children has more than doubled since the early 1970s. • • Physical inactivity and poor diet account for an estimated 300,000 deaths per year. • Inactive children are more likely to become inactive adults. • • The cost of overweight and obesity to the U.S. economy is $117 billion annually in direct and indirect medical costs. • Tips to getting fit http://archieves.ob-us.com/obs/english/books/pg/getfit.htm

14. IMportance • Why is Physical Education So Important? • Here's Why ... • ☼ Reduced Risk of Heart Failure • ☼Improved Physical Fitness • ☼ Weight Reduction • ☼ Good Health Promotion • ☼ Self Discipline • ☼ Skill Development • ☼ Improved Self - Confidence • ☼ Stress Reduction • ☼ Increase Their Love of School and ☼ ☼ Performance in Academics • ☼ Development of Lifetime Skills and Activities

15. What to Wear? • Most schools require students to change into athletic clothes of their own while others require a uniform. • Uniform Consist of • White t-shirt • Shorts in the school color • A change of shoes Uniforms can vary depending on the school.

16. A Quote to Remember Physical fitness is not only one of the most important keys to a healthybody, it is the basis of dynamic and creative intellectual activity. Therelationship between the soundness of the body and the activities of themind is subtle and complex. Much is not yet understood. But we do know whatthe Greeks knew: that intelligence and skill can only function at the peakof their capacity when the body is healthy and strong." - President John Fitzgerald Kennedy

17. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_Education http://www.mikespe.com/physed_june_2004.html http://images.google.com