1. The Cell

2. Animal Cells Smooth muscle cells Fat Cell Red Blood Cells Nerve Cell

3. Plant Cells Parenchyma cells Xylem and Phloem Guard cells Collenchyma

4. Microvilli of human intestine Root hairs from a plant

5. Human Epidermis Cells Plant Epidermal cells

6. Xylem and Phloem Capillaries

7. Trillions of Cells Over 200 types of Cells One Cell

8. Trillions of Cells Over 200 types of Cells Few Cells

9. SIZE Smallest cells Bacteria ~ 1 micrometer Largest cells Ostrich Egg - inches Nerve cell - a meter **** Most cells are less than 50 micrometers in diameter. 100 to 400 human cells can span the diameter of the head of a pin.

10. A: Small cells function more efficiently. The command center sends out messages – a message will take a long time to reach all parts of the cell if the cell is big. A: Surface-to-volume ratio: As cell size increases, volume grows much more rapidly than surface area. Cell diameter: 1 cm 10 cm (10x) Surface area (4pir2): 3.14 cm2 314 cm2 (100x) Volume (4/3pir3): 0.52 cm3 524 cm3 (1000x) Q: Why are most cells so small????

11. If a cell was the size of a classroom measuring 10 m in diameter then the diameters of the following would be: Prokaryotic Cell: 2 m Mitochondrion : 1 m Ribosome: 1 cm Protein: 1 mm Atom: .1 mm Cell size animation

12. ALL Cells have: Chromosomes that contain genes formed from DNA A plasma membrane binding their contents Cytosol – the semifluid substance within the membrane Ribosomes that make proteins

13. Prokaryotes (“before the nut”): DNA is concentrated in a region called a nucleiod Little to no organization Oldest type of cell (3.5 byo)

14. Timescale for Earth and It’s Living Things

15. The Tree of Life: the three domains

16. The Four Eukaryotic Kingdoms

17. Endosymbiosis - from Prokaryotic to Eukaryotic

18. Eukaryotes (“true nut”): True nucleus Membrane enclosed organelles Highly organized 1.5 byo

19. Inner Life of cell - with music Inner Life of Cell - with dialogue Cell Size animation