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States of Matter Density Buoyancy Viscosity NOTES!!!

States of Matter Density Buoyancy Viscosity NOTES!!!. What is Matter?. Anything that has mass and takes up space So pretty much anything you can imagine – from the air we breathe, to water we drink, to the sun and all the stars. 4 States of Matter. Solid Liquid Gas Plasma. Solid State.

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States of Matter Density Buoyancy Viscosity NOTES!!!

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  1. States of MatterDensityBuoyancyViscosityNOTES!!!

  2. What is Matter? • Anything that has mass and takes up space • So pretty much anything you can imagine – from the air we breathe, to water we drink, to the sun and all the stars.

  3. 4 States of Matter • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma

  4. Solid State • Lowest energy form of matter • Molecules do not change position • Definite Shape • Definite Volume

  5. Liquid State • Molecules can move around each other • Definite volume • Takes shape of container

  6. Gas State • Molecules move freely and separate from one another • No definite shape • No definite volume

  7. Plasma • Most common state of matter (in universe) • Highest energy form of matter • Made up of ionized gas molecules (atoms breaking apart due to high heat/energy)

  8. DENSITY

  9. Two Ways to Measure Matter.. • Mass • Volume

  10. Density is.. • A property that relates mass and volume (combines them) • Density = mass/volume • OR • Density equals mass per unit volume (g/cm3)

  11. Density affects… • Hardness (resistance to scratching) • Elasticity (ability to stretch and return) • Brittleness (likelihood to shatter) • Malleability (ability to made into thin sheets) • Tensile Strength (how much force before breaking)

  12. Density of Fluids • Tend to be less dense than solids • Molecules move around each other • Do not “stack” easily • Water is an exception – ice is less dense than water (due to structure of water)

  13. Density Math • The density of a material can be determined by dividing the mass by the volume • Ex. What is the density of a 400 g block that has a volume of 16 cm3? • Answer: 400/16 = 25 g/cm3

  14. Conversions • Sometimes the mass is given in a unit other than grams. • Or the volume is given in a unit other than mL. • Ex. What is the density of a block that weighs 2.5 kilograms and has a volume of 40 cm3? • The mass must be converted into grams (g) • Answer: 2500/40 = 62.5 g/cm3

  15. Turning things around • If you are given the density and volume of a substance, you can determine its mass. • Ex. What is the mass of a block that has a density of 3 g/cm3 and a volume of 40 cm3? • D=m/v, re-arranged, m=Dv • Answer: 3 X 40 = 120g

  16. Turning things around.. Again.. • The same can be applied to volume.. • D=m/v, re-arranged, v=m/D

  17. Note… • A cm3 is equivalent to a mL. Specifically, mL is used for volume of gasses and liquids and cm3 is used for the volume of solids.

  18. BUOYANCY

  19. Definition • The measure of upward pressure a fluid exerts on an object

  20. Buoyancy is… • Determined by density • The denser the fluid, the more buoyant force it applies • Ruled by Archimedes’ Principle • The force exerted on an object by a liquid is equal to the mass of the fluid displaced by that object

  21. Displaced • To move something from its usual place

  22. Therefore… • If buoyant force is greater than the mass of the object, the object FLOATS • If buoyant force is less than the mass of the object, the object SINKS

  23. Neutral Buoyancy • Is achieved when the mass of the object is EQUAL to the mass of the liquid displaced by that object. • The object floats exactly in the position it is placed.

  24. VISCOSITY

  25. Definition • Measure of a material’s resistance to flow (how hard it is to pour)

  26. Viscosity is determined by… • Size of liquid molecules • Shape of liquid molecules • Temperature of liquid

  27. Therefore… • A thick substance is described as being very viscous • Ketchup, syrup (cold) • Motor oils have different grades based on viscosity (10W-40, 10W-30)

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