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States of Matter

States of Matter. 8 th Grade Earth and Space Science Class Notes Mrs. Liberatore. Fri day , 11/2. Warm – Up How is an acid different from a base? Write down the HW. Learning Goal – Describe the states of matter.

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States of Matter

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  1. States of Matter 8th Grade Earth and Space Science Class Notes Mrs. Liberatore

  2. Friday, 11/2 Warm – Up • How is an acid different from a base? • Write down the HW. Learning Goal – Describe the states of matter. Relate the states of matter to the amount of energy in the matter. Agenda • Complete Warm-Up • Update the Table of Contents • Check/correct the Acid/Base Venn Diagram • Class discussion/notes on the States of Matter • Distribute the Unit 3 Study Guide Homework– Section 3.3 Vocabulary due on Wednesday, 11/7 Unit 3 Study Guide due on Thursday, 11/8 Unit 3 Test on Friday, 11/9 Unit 3 Binder Check on Friday, 11/9

  3. Solids • Solids –densely packed particles; definite shape and volume • Crystalline solids – particles arranged in a regular geometric pattern • Glass – particles arranged randomly

  4. Examples of Solids

  5. Liquids • Liquids –have definite volume, but no definite shape

  6. Gases • Gases – have no definite shape or volume

  7. Plasma • Plasma – Occurs at over 5,000 C; highly ionizied, electricity conducting gas

  8. Thermal Vibrations • Thermal vibrations – vibrations that occur in all states of matter; increase with increasing temperature • At any temperature above absolute zero (-273 C), the atoms in a substance will vibrate. • The state of matter of a substance is ultimately determined by how vigorous these thermal vibrations become. • Vibrations are at their highest in plasma and lowest in solids

  9. Melting • Melting – at the melting point of a substance the thermal vibrations become vigorous enough to break the forces holding the solid together; the particles then slide past each other

  10. Evaporation • Evaporation – at the boiling point the thermal vibrations become great enough to provide enough energy for particles to escape the liquid • Sometimes called “vaporization”

  11. Condensation • Condensation – energy is released and the gas returns to liquid state

  12. Sublimation • Sublimation – occurs below the boiling point; slow change of state from solid to a gas • Particles gain enough energy from thermal vibrations to escape the solid (skips the liquid state) • You can see this on a sunny day after it snows!

  13. Formation of Plasma • Formation of plasma – Collisions between the particles become so violent that electrons are knocked away from the atoms • Results is gases of ions and free electrons

  14. Law of Conservation of Energy • 1st Law of Thermodynamics – Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; it can change from one type to another

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