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SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS. Packet #70 Chapter #29. THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CONNECTION. Seedless vascular plants arose in the Carboniferous Period 420 – 360 mya Phylum Rhinophyta are known as the oldest seedless vascular plants These organisms left relics, fossils and coals

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SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

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  1. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Packet #70 Chapter #29

  2. THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CONNECTION • Seedless vascular plants arose in the Carboniferous Period 420 – 360 mya • Phylum Rhinophyta are known as the oldest seedless vascular plants • These organisms left relics, fossils and coals • Scientists believe that seed plants were present during this evolutionary time period but were not dominant. • Seedless vascular plants became important as the swamps dried up and the global climate cooled.

  3. TYPES OF SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS • There are four phyla of seedless vascular plants. • Phylum Polypodiophyta • Ferns • Phylum Psilotophyta • Whisk ferns • Phylum Equisetophyta • Horsetail • Phylum Lycophyta • Club Mosses

  4. IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR VASCULAR PLANTS

  5. LEAVES OF VASCULAR PLANTS Leaves of Vascular Plants Microphylls • There are two types of leaves that may be found on seedless vascular plants • Microphylls • Small and have a single vascular strand • Club mosses • Megaphylls • Larger and have more than one vascular strand • Plants needed a flattened blade with more stomata for gas exchange • Ferns, horsetails and seed plants

  6. KEYWORDS OF VASCULAR PLANTS • Homospory • The production of one kind of spore • Bryophytes • Whisk ferns • Horsetails • Most club mosses • Most ferns • Spore gives rise to gametophyte plants that produce both egg and sperm cells.

  7. KEYWORDS OF VASCULAR PLANTS II • Heterospory • Production of two kinds of spores • Microspores • Give rise to male gametophytes that produce sperm cells • Megaspores • Give rise to female gametophytes that produce eggs. • Occurs in • Certain club mosses • Certain ferns • ALL SEED PLANTS. • The “evolution” of heterospory was an essential step in the evolution of seeds.

  8. SEED VASCULAR PLANTS—FERNS

  9. PHYLUM PTEROPHYTASUBPHYLUM POLYPOIOPHYTATHE FERNS • Largest and most diverse group of seedless vascular plants. • Have xylem and phloem tissue • Most have true roots • More than 12,000 species have been described.

  10. PHYLUM PTEROPHYTASUBPHYLUM POLYPOIOPHYTATHE FERNS • Almost all species are homosporous • All have megaphylls. • Found primarily in moist tropical habitats • Few are aquatic

  11. FERNSFEATURES THAT DISTINGUISH FERNS AND OTHER SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS FROM ALGAE AND BRYOPHYTES. • Comparison to Bryophytes • Ferns have vascular tissue • Ferns have a dominant sporophyte generation. • As in bryophytes, reproduction in ferns depends on water as a transport medium for their motile sperm cells.

  12. REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF FERNS

  13. PHYLUM PTEROPHYTASUBPHYLUM POLYPOIOPHYTATHE FERNS Figure 29.12Page 585 • Ferns display alternation of generation and they have a dominant sporophyte generation • Fern bodies consist of a rhizome (an underground stem), roots, and leaves (megaphylls).

  14. PHYLUM PTEROPHYTASUBPHYLUM POLYPOIOPHYTATHE FERNS • Sprophytes have roots, rhizomes and leaves that are megaphylls. • Leaves, or fronds, bear sporangia in clusters called sori. • Meiosis of sporangia produces haploid spores.

  15. PHYLUM PTEROPHYTASUBPHYLUM POLYPOIOPHYTATHE FERNS • Spore germinates and grow via mitosis into a gametophyte called haploid prothallus. • Heart shaped and lacks vascular tissue • Anchored by rhizoids • Bears antheridia and archegonia • Water is still required for transportation of the flagellated sperm to the archegonium • Zygote grows into free-living sporophyte plant.

  16. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS—WHISK FERNS

  17. PHYLUM PTEROPHYTA SUBPHYLUM PSILOTOPHYTATHE WHISK FERNS • Simplest vascular plants • Lack true roots and leaves • Consists of dichotomously branching rhizomes • Have erect stems. • Homosporous sporophylls.

  18. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS—HORSETAILS

  19. PHYLUM PTEROPHYTASUBPHYLUM EQUISETOPHYTATHE HORSETAILS • Sporophytes have roots • Rhizomes • Aerial stems • Hollow and jointed • Leaves that are reduced megaphylls

  20. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS—CLUB MOSSES

  21. PHYLUM LYCOPHYTATHE CLUB MOSSES • Small plants with rhizomes and short erect branches • Extant species have true roots and leaves that are microphylls.

  22. REVIEW

  23. REVIEW • Students • List potential examination questions and/or here, and on following slides, based on the packet.

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