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Seedless Plants

Seedless Plants. Pgs. 78 - 81. Mosses and Liverworts. One group of seedless plants is nonvascular plants like mosses and liverworts. They are small, grow on soil, tree bark, and rocks. Without a vascular system they live in places that are always wet.

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Seedless Plants

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  1. Seedless Plants Pgs. 78 - 81

  2. Mosses and Liverworts • One group of seedless plants is nonvascular plants like mosses and liverworts. • They are small, grow on soil, tree bark, and rocks. • Without a vascular system they live in places that are always wet. • They don’t have stems, roots or leaves and each cell must absorb water from the environment .

  3. Rock to Rock Carpeting • Mosses live together in large groups covering soil or rocks like a mat. • Each plant has a slender hair like thread of cells called a rhizoid. • The rhizoid helps hold the plant in place. • They also have a leafy stalk

  4. Liverworts • They are small, nonvascular plants that usually live in damp areas. • The gametophyte can be leafy and moss like or broad and flattened. • Rhizoids are present and help anchor the plant

  5. Importance of Mosses and Liverworts • These are the first plants to inhabit a new environment such as newly exposed rock. • When they die they form a thin layer of soil in which new plants can grow. • Mosses also provide nesting materials for birds • Peat mosses can be used as a fuel to burn.

  6. Ferns, Horsetails, and Club Mosses • Ancient members of this group used to be quite large. • However, modern descendants are typically much smaller than previous ancestors.

  7. Ferns • Ferns grow in cold to warm climates. • Most are small in size but some can be 23m. • Most have an underground stem called a Rhizome that produces leaves called fronds and wiry roots. • Young fronds are tightly coiled and called fiddleheads.

  8. Fern Life Cycle • The life cycle of a fern is divided into two parts: sporophyte and gametophyte. • The gametophyte is a tiny plant that is green and flat and shaped like a heart. • The gametophyte produces male sperm cells and female eggs.

  9. Horsetails • Horsetails were more common millions of years ago, but few species survived. • They are small vascular plants that grow in wet places. • They have hollow stems made of silica. • Early Americans used to use them to scrub pots and pans

  10. Club Mosses • Club mosses are only about 25cm tall and grow in woodlands. • They are not like true mosses. • They have a vascular system.

  11. The Importance of Seedless Vascular Plants • Similar to the nonvascular plants, these plants help form soil and prevent erosion. • Ferns are used as houseplants and fiddleheads can be cooked and eaten. • Ancestors of these plants have formed coal that we use as a natural fossil fuel today.

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