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Key Supreme Court Cases Shaping U.S. History

This review covers landmark U.S. Supreme Court cases that have defined the legal landscape of the nation. Cases like Marbury v. Madison established judicial review, McCulloch v. Maryland affirmed federal supremacy over state laws, and Brown v. Board of Education declared segregation unconstitutional. Each case reflects significant social and political issues, including civil rights, federalism, and the balance of powers. Understanding these decisions helps illuminate the evolution of American law and governance throughout history.

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Key Supreme Court Cases Shaping U.S. History

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  1. US History EOC Review 2

  2. Court Cases • Marbury vs. Madison- Judicial Review • McCulloch vs. Maryland- State cannot tax a National Bank • Gibbons vs. Ogden- Federal Government can regulate interstate commerce • Worchester vs. Georgia- Indians are entitled to federal protection • Dred Scott vs. Sanford- Slaves are not citizens, Congress cannot prohibit slavery in the territories

  3. Court Cases • Wabash vs. Illinois- Limit state’s control over railroads • US vs. EC Knight- Sherman Anti-trust Act does not apply to this Sugar Monopoly • Plessy vs. Ferguson- Separate but Equal is Constitutional • Shenck vs. US- Freedom of Speech may be limited in a time of War- “Clear and present Danger”

  4. Court Cases • Korematsu vs. US- Japanese can be held in detention camps during WWII • Brown vs. Board of Ed.- Separate is not Equal • Swann vs. Charlotte Meck.- Busing is a constitutional way to integrate schools • NY Times vs. US- Pentagon Papers may be published

  5. Court Cases • Roe vs. Wade- Abortion is constitutional • US vs. Nixon- Nixon must release tapes • Regents of UC vs. Bakke- Reverse Discrimination • Texas vs. Johnson- Flag Burning

  6. Presidents • 1 George Washington • No Political parties, No Alliances • Whiskey Rebellion, Treaty of Greenville • Pinckney’s Treaty, Jay’s Treaty • XYZ Affair • 2 John Adams • Alien and Sedition Acts • Midnight Judges, Election of 1800, Marbury vs. Madison

  7. Presidents • 3 Thomas Jefferson • Louisiana Purchase • Embargo Act of 1807 • 4 James Madison • War of 1812 • 5 James Monroe • Monroe Doctrine, Missouri Compromise

  8. Presidents • 7 Andrew Jackson • Indian Removal Act, Worchester vs. Georgia, Trail of Tears • South Carolina Nullification Crisis, Compromise Tariff of 1833 • 11 James K. Polk • 54-40 or Fight • Manifest Destiny, Mexican-American War, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Seneca Falls Convention

  9. Presidents • 14 Franklin Pierce • Kansas-Nebraska Act • 15 James Buchanan • Dred Scott, Lincoln-Douglass Debates • John Brown and Harper’s Ferry • 16 Abraham Lincoln • Civil War, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address • Homestead Act

  10. Presidents • 17 Andrew Johnson • 13th,14th and 15th Amendment • Tenure of Office Act, Impeachment • 18 Ulysses S. Grant • Transcontinental Railroad • Tweed Ring • 19 Rutherford B. Hayes • Election of 1876, Compromise of 1877 • End of Reconstruction

  11. Presidents • 21 Chester Arthur • Chinese Exclusion Act • Pendleton Act • 22 Grover Cleveland • Haymarket Riot • Interstate Commerce Act, Dawes Severalty Act • 23 William McKinley • Spanish American War • Annexation of Hawaii • Open Door Policy

  12. Presidents • 26 Teddy Roosevelt • Roosevelt Corollary • Bull Moose • 27 William Howard Taft • Dollar Diplomacy • 28 Woodrow Wilson • Election of 1912 • WWI, Convoy System, 14 Points

  13. Presidents • 29 Warren G. Harding • Teapot Dome Scandal • 30 Calvin Coolidge • Kellogg- Briand Pact • 31 Herbert Hoover • Stock Market Crash, Great Depression • 32 Franklin Roosevelt • New Deal, AAA Unconstitutional, Social Security, Direct Relief • WWII, Conferences, Pearl Harbor, D-Day, Lend Lease

  14. Presidents • 33 Harry Truman • Potsdam, Atomic Bomb • Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine • Korea • 34 Dwight Eisenhower • Brown vs. Board, Little Rock Nine • Eisenhower Doctrine • 35 John F. Kennedy • Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Berlin Wall • March on Washington • Alliance For Progress

  15. Presidents • 36 Lyndon Johnson • Gulf of Tonkin, Tet offensive • MLK and RFK assassinated • Medicaid, Welfare • 37 Richard Nixon • Man on the Moon • Nixon in China and USSR • End of Vietnam • Watergate

  16. Presidents • 38 Gerald Ford • OPEC • 39 Jimmy Carter • Camp David Accords • Iran Hostage Crisis • Three Mile Island • 40 Ronald Reagan • Iran-Contra • Supply-Side Economics • Sandra Day O’Conner • Fall of Berlin Wall, INF Treaty

  17. Presidents • 41 George H. Bush • Operation Desert Storm • 42 Bill Clinton • NAFTA • Impeachment • 43 George W. Bush • 9/11, Patriot Act • Afghanistan and Iraqi Freedom

  18. Wars • War of 1812 • James Madison, Hawks vs. Doves, Impressment of Sailors, RESPECT • Mexican American War • Remember the Alamo, Debate over Slavery, Rio Grande vs. Nueces River, Treat of Guadalupe Hidalgo, James K. Polk • Civil War • Emancipation Proclamation after Antietam, Gettysburg Address, Vicksburg, 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments, Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union

  19. Wars • Indian Wars • Dawes Severalty Act (Assimilate), Treaty of Greenville, Gen. Anthony Wayne, Move Indians West • Spanish-American War • Teddy Roosevelt, Remember the Maine, Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, Platt Amendment, Commodore Dewey in the Philippines, Jingoism, Imperialism, Social Darwinism, Josiah Strong

  20. Wars • WWI • Imperialism, Archduke, Zimmerman Note, Unrestricted Sub Warfare, Trench Warfare, Lusitania, Trench Warfare, League of Nations, 14 Points, Espionage and Sedition Acts, Palmer Raids, War Guilt Clause, Reparations • WWII • Munich Pact, Non-Aggression Pact, Pearl Harbor, Conferences, D-Day, VE Day, VJ Day, Nagasaki and Hiroshima

  21. Wars • Korea • President Truman, Douglass MacArthur, Domino Theory, 38th Parallel • Vietnam • Geneva Accords- 17th Parallel • Eisenhower- Containment and Domino Theory • Kennedy- Advisors • Johnson- Gulf of Tonkin, Tet Offensive, Operation Rolling Thunder, Democratic Convention of 1968 • Nixon- Peace with Honor, Cambodia and Laos, Ho Chi Minh Trail, My Lai Incident • Ford- Fall of Saigon

  22. Wars • Persian Gulf • Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait • Operation Desert Storm • George H. Bush • Iraqi Freedom • Saddam killing Kurds, Weapons of mass Destruction • George W. Bush

  23. Elections • 1800- Midnight Judges, Adams vs. Jefferson • 1824- Corrupt Bargain- Andrew Jackson loses, Henry Clay becomes Sec of State under John Q. Adams • 1844- Manifest Destiny, James K. Polk, 54-40 or Fight • 1860- Lincoln Elected, South Seceded

  24. Elections • 1864- Copperheads, McClellan, Lincoln Wins • 1876- Rutherford B. Hayes, Ends Reconstruction • 1912- Woodrow Wilson beats Taft and T. Roosevelt, Bull Moose party • 1916- Wilson kept us out of War • 1984- Geraldine Ferraro is first woman to run for VP • 2000- Supreme Court stops the count in Florida

  25. Political Parties • Democratic-Republican- Thomas Jefferson • Federalist- Alexander Hamilton • Whig- Hated Andrew Jackson • Know-Nothings- Anti-immigrant • Free Soil- No slavery in the territories • Republican- End slavery, Lincoln • Populist- Farmers, incorporated into other parties

  26. Compromises • American System- Henry Clay, tariff, National Road, National Bank • Compromise of 1850- Clay’s Compromise, California Free State, Fugitive Slave Law, No Slave trade in Washington • Compromise of 1877- Hayes become President, ends Reconstruction • Compromise Tariff of 1833- Ends South Carolina Nullification Crisis

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