Ecosystem Modeling and Related Work at the SEFSC

1. Ecosystem Modeling and Related Work at the SEFSC Summarized by Josh Sladek Nowlis 30 August 2007

2. Multispecies Virtual Population Analysis • Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission-based effort • Can the recovery of predators (bluefish, striped bass, weakfish) explain menhaden decline?

3. Nutrients-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton • Experimental system with rotifers and algae. • Can set of differential equations explain observed changes in “ecosystem”? • Despite simplicity and knowledge, difficult to recreate ecosystem dynamics.

4. Habitat and Stock Assessments • Stephens and MacCall (2004) technique adopted. • Uses species assemblages when standardizing fishery-dependent catch rates. • Assumption is that assemblages indicate the habitat or habitats fished.

5. Estuarine Habitat • Productivity of crustaceans (brown shrimp, white shrimp, blue crab) in TX, LA marsh habitat explained and valued by understanding performance related to physical features and habitat quality. • Pink shrimp in FL Bay…growth and survival as a function of salinity and temperature. • Similar multispecies effort focused on understanding effects of freshwater flows.

6. Production and Marsh Habitat • Significant (p<0.01) effect of inundation and map type

7. Pink Shrimp Performance Survival Growth Simulated potential harvest

8. Pelagic and Benthic Habitat • Oceanographic conditions used to predict abundance and distribution of marine mammals and fish. • Benthic habitat categories used in Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, Colombia to develop enormous marine protected area network zoned representatively.

9. Marine Mammal Habitat Approach The goal is to develop spatially explicit predictions of animal density and abundance Empirical models of the species-environment relationship Sightings from Surveys Project these into space as a density surface

10. Habitats And Fish • Fish assemblages also corresponded well to a priori habitat definitions.

11. Ecopath with Ecosim • Examining effects of apex predator depletion in the Gulf of Mexico. • Studying potential ecological effects of marine reserve establishment in Puerto Rico.

12. Complementary Increases

13. Council EwE Efforts • Both Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Fishery Management Councils are leading EwE efforts. • In both cases, lead outside scientists check in with Science Center staff on occasion; however, much information conveyed directly to Council staff. • Potential for problems. Better if the Center would/could take the lead.

14. Relevant Empirical Data • Studying snapper-grouper assemblage structure and its spatial distribution in the US South Atlantic. • Using differential fishing pressure to perform preliminary assessments of large assemblage of Hawaiian shallow water coral reef fishes.

15. Fishing, Ecology, and Stock Status

16. Summary • Data limitations pose problems, present opportunities. • Lack of formal Center-wide program is setting up some potential challenges. • Nonetheless, individual initiative means that the Center does a moderate amount of ecosystem-based work.