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Study of Life Themes & Concepts

Study of Life Themes & Concepts. Age of Earth . About 4.5 bya Life about 4 bya (Prokaryotes) Photosynthesis about 2.7 bya Organelles about 1.5 bya (Eukaryotes) About 1bya multicellular organisms. Properties of life. growth & development. reproduction. order. response. energy

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Study of Life Themes & Concepts

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  1. Study of Life Themes & Concepts

  2. Age of Earth • About 4.5 bya • Life about 4 bya (Prokaryotes) • Photosynthesis about 2.7 bya • Organelles about 1.5 bya (Eukaryotes) • About 1bya multicellular organisms

  3. Properties of life growth & development reproduction order response energy utilization homeostasis evolutionary adaptation

  4. Themes • Science as a process of inquiry • Evolution • Energy transfer • Continuity & Change • Relationship of structure to function • Regulation • Interdependence in nature • Science, technology & society

  5. Science as a process of inquiry

  6. Science as a process of inquiry • repeatable observations & testable hypothesis

  7. Observations include making measurements • Scientists use a variety of tools to gather and analyze data. • Field journals are used to record data. • Laboratory glassware and hot plates allow scientists to set up experiments. • Microscopes and hand lenses enhance the senses. • Rulers, balances, timing devices, and electronic probeware are used to gather quantitative data. • Computers are used to to calculate, analyze, and report data.

  8. Observations include making measurements • Quantitative data are gathered through measurement, using the modern metric system. • Accuracy is a description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured. • Precision is the exactness of a measurement.

  9. stoma stoma stoma Technology contributes to the progress of science. • A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object. • light microscopes (LM) • scanning electron microscopes (SEM) • transmission electron microscopes (TEM)

  10. Medical Imaging • functional MRI (fMRI) • x-ray images • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

  11. Complex systems: Computer Models • Used to study systems that cannot be studied directly. • heart attacks • effect of medicines on the human body • movement of water molecules into and out of a cell • spread of a disease through a population Normal heartbeat Heart attack • Used when experiments are not safe, ethical, or practical.

  12. The tools of molecular genetics give rise to new biological studies. • A gene is a segment of DNA that stores genetic information.

  13. We can study genetics on a molecular level. • molecular genetics • genomics

  14. Evolution • Core theme of biology Charles Darwin

  15. Evolution • Natural selection • Evolutionary adaptation is a product of natural selection

  16. Energy transfer • Life is an open system • organisms continuously interact with the environment • stuff comes instuff goes out • energy is used Entropy rules!

  17. Energy utilization (fill in blanks)

  18. Heredity: Continuity & change • Continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA • DNA – the genetic material – carries biological information from 1 generation to the next

  19. Form follows function • Structure & function are correlated at all levels of biological organization

  20. Regulation • Regulatory mechanisms ensure a dynamic balance through feedback

  21. Ecology: Interdependence • No organism is an island standing alone

  22. Science, technology & society • Science & technology must function within the framework of society • ethics

  23. Umbrella concepts Recurring principles & ideas

  24. Diversity & unity • Dual aspects of life on Earth • With all of the diversity, what unifies all of life?

  25. Unity of life What do organisms have in common? Why do similarities exist?

  26. Evolution explains diversity & unity • Unity • pass information to the next generation • evolutionary relationships • connected through a common ancestory • Diversity • natural selection • adaptations in different environments

  27. Levels of organization

  28. Cell is basic unit of life • Cell theory • developed with early microscopes • prokaryotes • eukaryotes

  29. Diversity of life What differences are there between organisms?

  30. Three Domains of Life Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

  31. Organizing systems • Making sense out of the diversity • Hierarchical scheme • Eg. Taxonomy and Binomial Nomenclature

  32. Why study themes of Biology? • Biology is an ever expanding body of knowledge • too much to memorize it all • need to generalize • create a framework upon which to organize new knowledge • themes are fundamental in understanding the nature of living organisms

  33. Which science is growing the fastest in new knowledge? BIOLOGY!! Genomics & proteomicsprojects are driving research Dr. Mary Claire King

  34. Any Questions??

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