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Kevin Li

The Effects of Class A Fire Suppressant Foams on the Growth of Rosa arkansana , Symphoricarpos occidentalis , Poa pratensis. Kevin Li. Need. Figure 1. http://www.forestry.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/289FF5EC-B018-47EB-8D1F-FD71EEE065DC/0/Summary1960Present.pdf. Figure 2.

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Kevin Li

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  1. The Effects of Class A Fire Suppressant Foams on the Growth of Rosa arkansana, Symphoricarpos occidentalis, Poa pratensis Kevin Li

  2. Need Figure 1 http://www.forestry.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/289FF5EC-B018-47EB-8D1F-FD71EEE065DC/0/Summary1960Present.pdf Figure 2 http://www.forestry.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/289FF5EC-B018-47EB-8D1F-FD71EEE065DC/0/Summary1960Present.pdf

  3. Need • 210,000 gallons of Class A concentrate, which is enough to make 42 million gallons of foam, were sold in 1992. (Johnson C.)

  4. Knowledge Base Types of Flames http://onioncity.com/wfd/images/exting_chart Figure 3

  5. Knowledge Base -Fire tetrahedron Figure 4 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svg/220px-Fire_tetrahedron.svg.png

  6. Knowledge Base Rosa arkansana Symphoricarpos occidentalis Poa pratensis Figure 5 http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/IMAGES/North_Dakota/Rosa_arkansana-wildprairier.jpg Figure 6 http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/symocc/plant.jpg Figure 7 http://www.missouriplants.com/Grasses/Poa_pratensis_plant.jpg

  7. Literature Review -Freeborn P., 2007 Figure 8 http://www.firelab.org/Publications/Freeborn_Wooster_etal_2008_JournGeoRes_Vol113_D01301.pdf

  8. Literature Review Larson D. et al. Figure 9 http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardant/references/Larson_and_Newton_1996.pdf

  9. Literature Review Sroysaard N. et al., 2000 Figure 10 Figure 11 http://www.bouldercounty.org/openspace/resources/res_funding/res_fund_pdfs/Small%20Grant%20Research/2000/2000Syorsaard.pdf Figure 12

  10. Purpose • The purpose of this experiment is to see the effect of fire suppressant foams and fire retardants on the growth of plants Hypothesis • Null- The fire suppressant foams and fire retardants had no effect on the growth of the plants • Alternate- The fire suppressant foams and fire retardants had an effect on the growth of the plants

  11. Plants Groups=2 Sample Size= 15 (S. occidentalis, P. pratensis, and R. arkansana) Control Containers with plants grown with just water Variable Containers with plants grown with water and fire suppressant Procedure -Grow the three types of plants in each container that are 5in x 5in -Five of each in each container -One ounce of class A fire suppressant foams put onto the containers every other day -Measure the length of the stem -Measure the stem of each of the leaves -Measure the length of the leaves Measurement Length of stem Length of leaves Amount of fire suppressant applied. Analysis ANOVA to see if there is a difference between the control and the variables. Scheffe post hoc test Methodology

  12. Protocols for Measurement • 5in x 5in container for the control and each variable • One ounce of class A fire suppressant foams put onto the containers every other day • Same amount of water for the plants

  13. Protocols for Measurement • One container of Rosa arkansana, Symphoricarpos occidentalis, Poa pratensis grown with water (five of each plant) • One container of Rosa arkansana, Symphoricarpos occidentalis, Poa pratensis grown with water and Class A fire suppressant foam (five of each plant)

  14. Budget Catalogue Item Quantity Unit Price Total Price Amazon.com R. arkansana 1 $3 $3

  15. Do-Ability • Plants can be grown easily in the lab • The fire suppressant foams are non-toxic

  16. Bibliography • -DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. "Gene Altering Chemicals Found In Forest Fire Smoke." ScienceDaily 2 May 2009. 5 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2009/04/090430091057.htm>. • -Fire Information - National Fire News. 3 May 2009. National Interagency Fire Center. • 4 May 2009 http://www.nifc.gov/fire_info/nfn.htm • -Fire Tetrahedron. 2009. Academic Laboratories & Field Facilities. 10 May 2009 <http://intraweb.stockton.edu/eyos/page.cfm?siteID=89&pageID=37>. • -"FEMA: Wildfire." Wildfire. 28 May 2008. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 12 May 2009 <http://www.fema.gov/hazard/wildfire/index.shtm>. • - Forces of Nature-Forest Fires. 4 June 2004. Think Quest. 3 May 2009 <http://library.thinkquest.org/C003603/english/forestfires/index.shtml>. • - Freeborn, Patrick H. "Relationships between energy release, fuel mass loss, and trace gas and aerosol emissions during laboratory biomass fires." Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (2007). • -Harris, Tom.  "How Fire Works."  14 May 2002.  HowStuffWorks.com. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/fire.htm>  06 May 2009. • -Information about the Fire Triangle/Tetrahedron and Combustion. 13 Feb. 2009. Colchester Center. 9 May 2009 <http://www.colchesterfire.org/html/whatisfire.html>. • Johnson, W. W. and Saunders, H. O. 1977, Chemical forest fire retardants: acute toxicity to five freshwater fishes and a scud. Tech. Paper #91, U.S. Forest Service. • - Larson, Diane L. "EFFECTS OF FIRE RETARDANT CHEMICALS AND FIRE SUPPRESSANT FOAM ON NORTH DAKOTA PRAIRIE VEGETATION." National Biological Service. • -The Straight Dope. 22 Nov. 2002. What exactly is fire? 5 May 2009 <http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2425/what-exactly-is-fire>. • -Vogt, Gregory. Forests on fire: the fight to save our trees. New York: F. Watts, 1990. • -Wageningen University and Research Centre. "Experimental Fire Provides Knowledge About Damage After Forest Fires." ScienceDaily 11 March 2009. 5 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090226110816.htm>.

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