Bell Ringer July 29, 2014

1. Bell Ringer July 29, 2014 • What is a “Founding Father”?

2. Founding Fathers • These men wrote and signed the Declaration of Independence. • These men were considered brave because it was considered an act of treason (the crime of betraying one's country) punishable by hanging.

3. Celebrate Freedom Week

4. The Founding Fathers

5. John Hancock • John Hancock was the representative from Massachusetts • President of the Continental Congress in 1775 • First to sign Declaration of Independence and is the most recognizable signature.

6. Benjamin Rush • Benjamin Rush was from Pennsylvania • He was the treasurer of the U.S. Mint from 1797 to 1813 • physician, writer, educator, • He was a Founding Father that signed Declaration of Independence and attended the Continental Congress.

7. John Jay • John Jay was a representative from New York at the Continental Congresses. • He signed the Declaration of Independence. • He helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris 1783 that ended the American Revolution. • He was a diplomat to England in late 1700s where he negotiated Jay’s Treaty that averted threat of another war with the British

8. John Witherspoon • John Witherspoon was an active clergyman • A New Jersey representative that signed the Declaration of Independence • He later became President of modern Princeton University

9. John Peter Muhlenberg • John Peter Muhlenberg was a clergyman. • He was a soldier during the Colonial, Revolutionary, and Post-Revolutionary eras in Pennsylvania • He was elected to the first U.S. Congress

10. Charles Carroll • Charles Carroll was a Catholic and Senator from Maryland • He was a signer of Declaration of Independence • He was a delegate to Constitutional Convention

11. Jonathan Trumbull Sr. • Jonathan Trumbull Sr. was the only colonial governor who supported the American cause/side in the Revolution

12. Closing Task • You are to create a foldable on the Founding Fathers. You will answer the following questions on each of the 7 Founding Fathers: • Where was the founding father from? • What were their contributions to American History? (why are they important)

13. Bell Ringer July 30, 2014 • What does “E Pluribus Unum” mean?

14. E Pluribus Unum • E Pluribus Unum – “Out of many, one”; • The phrase was proposed to Congress in 1782 for use on the Great Seal of the United States • the motto symbolized the 13 original States uniting together to form one compact and represented body. Never made the official motto of the country, but generally accepted as a de facto motto

15. The Declaration of Independence and The U.S. Constitution

16. Declaration of Independence • The Declaration of Independence announced the colonies’ freedom from British rule and set forth the founding principles of the United States of America found in the first three paragraphs.

17. Founding Principles • Some of these principles include • “all men are created equal” • unalienable rights • government derives its power from the consent of the governed.

18. U.S. Constitution • U.S. Constitution – the Constitution of the United States of America provides a framework for the organization of the government and defines the responsibilities of: • The bicameral Congress governance within the legislative branch of the government • The President as head of the executive branch of the government • The Supreme Court as head of the judicial branch of the government • The U.S. Constitution is considered the highest law in the land

19. Closing Task • Use the APPARTS strategy to analyze the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence.

20. Bell Ringer: July 31, 2014 • What is the Bill of Rights?

21. Bill of Rights • The Bill of Rights exists as the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

23. Bill of Rights • Bill of Rights – many opposed the Constitution in 1787 because they believed it did not offer adequate protection of individual rights. • The Bill of Rights, ratified in 1791, was created to correct this. The individual rights protected in the Bill of Rights include economic rights related to property, political rights related to freedom of speech and press, and personal rights related to bearing arms and maintaining private property.

24. 1stAmendment • This amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, and the press, and protects the right of assembly.

25. 2ndAmendment • This amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms.

26. 3rdAmendment • This amendment guards against the forced quartering of troops.

27. 4thAmendment • This amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

28. 5thAmendment • This amendment guarantees a trial by jury and “due process of law,” and guards against double jeopardy (being charged twice for the same offense) and self-incrimination.

29. 6thAmendment • This amendment outlines the rights of the accused, including the right to have a "speedy and public" trial, the right to be informed of the charges made against him, the right to call witnesses in his defense, and the right to have an attorney in his defense.

30. 7thAmendment • This amendment lays out the rules of common law. (the right of trial by jury)

31. 8thAmendment • This amendment protects against “cruel and unusual punishments.”

32. 9thAmendment • This amendment ensures that the individual rights that are not enumerated in the Constitution are secure—that is, that these rights should not be automatically infringed upon because they are omitted from the Constitution

33. 10th Amendment • This amendment limits the power of federal government by reserving for the states all powers that are not explicitly granted to the federal government by the Constitution, nor denied to the states.

34. Closing Task • Students will work in pairs or groups of three and complete the following:  • 1. Each group will be assigned an amendment. • 2. They will create a poster answering the following questions on their assigned amendment: What is the amendment, explain in your own words and draw a picture that represents the amendment. • 3. Once complete students will hang posters for classmates to see and preform a gallery walk while completing a handout.

35. Bell Ringer 8-1-14 • Why is the Constitution and the Bill of Rights important to the people of the United States?

36. The belief in the Constitution and the rights in the Bill of Rights helps bond Americans together and gives the hope of liberty and a better future for themselves and their children.

37. Alexis • De Tocqueville

38. Liberty • Liberty – individuals are free to pursue their own work.

39. Egalitarianism • Egalitarianism – there are no social class distinctions; the poor do not defer to the rich and vice versa.

40. Individualism • Individualism – hard work and labor are considered key to becoming successful.

41. Populism • Populism – all individuals are allowed an opinion and are able to voice it.

42. Laissez-Faire • Laissez-Faire – hard work and money making lead to success.

43. American Values v. Other Nations • American values reinforce and reward the spirit of hard work and money making vs. other nations’ notions of heredity and that a person is destined to remain in one social group.

44. Closing Task • Students will write half a page comparing and contrasting the American values v. the values of China, Cuba or North Korea.