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General Feeding Considerations

General Feeding Considerations. Why worry about feeds and feeding?. It is the single greatest cost in raising livestock. 70% of cost of finishing cattle is feed. What affects how we feed animals?. Type of digestive system. Monogastric simple-stomach humans, pigs, dog, monkey Ruminants

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General Feeding Considerations

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  1. General Feeding Considerations

  2. Why worry about feeds and feeding? It is the single greatest cost in raising livestock 70% of cost of finishing cattle is feed

  3. What affects how we feed animals? Type of digestive system. • Monogastric • simple-stomach • humans, pigs, dog, monkey • Ruminants • multiple stomachs • cattle, sheep, goat • Pseudo-Ruminants (Functional Cecum) • horse, rabbit, hamster, guinea pig Age of the animal Weight of the animal Performance requirements Average daily gain Working Maintenance Type of feed available Form the feed is fed in long or whole chopped or crushed pelleted or mixed

  4. What are classes of nutrients? Carbohydrates Fats Protein Minerals Vitamins Water Carbohydrates Carbohydrates most important source of energy, than fats Fats Higher in energy than carbohydrates, harder to store Proteins Complex compounds made of amino acids Essential amino acids must be supplied by the food because They cannot be synthesized by the body. 10 are usually listed Complete proteins have all ten. Nitrogen content multiplied by 6.25 tells the amount of protein

  5. Minerals Regulate many vital processes 18 essential mineral elements Calcium and phosphorus important MACRO minerals Zinc and Iron are MIRO minerals Vitamins Specific functions Fat soluble or water soluble Water Most vital of all nutrients Free access to Clean, Fresh Water at all times

  6. Feed Classifications Roughages Concentrates By-product feeds Protein Supplements Minerals Vitamins Special Feeds Additives, Implants, & Injections Roughages High in fiber, low in protein, low in energy and TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients. Concentrates Feeds high in energy an low in fiber (under 18%) By-Product Feeds Feeds left over from animal and plant processing or industrial manufacturing

  7. Protein Supplements • More than 20% protein • Animal Protein Supplements • Plant Protein Supplements • Nonprotein Nitrogen Sources (NPN) • Ruminants - microorganisms (simple plants) in rumen • convert nitrogen into protein • Urea = 281% protein Vitamin Supplements Vitamins are destroyed by heat, sunlight, oxidation, mold growth Special Feeds Fats and Oils, Molasses Fat increases calories of ration (2 1/4 times energy of carbohydrates)

  8. Additives, Implants, & Injections chemicals that regulate growth, modify rumen activity, improve feed efficiency increase 15% each yr. Ionophores Bovatec” & “Rumensin” inhibit gas formation and methane production in rumen BST- Increases milk production Anitibiotics Electrolytes Implants “Synovex-S, Synovex-H; “Steer-oid” & “Heifer-oid”

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