Chapter 11 The Reproductive System

1. Chapter 11 The Reproductive System

2. gon/o genitals or reproduction The testes and ovaries are gonads and they function in the production of spermatazoa (sperm) or ova (eggs) as well as secrete hormones

3. genit/o genitals Reproductive organs, male and female, internal or external are called the genitals or genitalia

4. Female Reproductive System gynec/o: female The study of diseases of the female reproductive system is gynecology, the specialist is called a gynecologist.

5. Word Parts: Female vagin/o, colp/o vagina i.e. colposcopy (examination of the vaginal mucosa using a low- powered microscope) uter/o, hyster/o uterus i.e. hysteroptosis (prolapse of the uterus)

6. cervic/o uterine cervix i.e. cervical polyp (tumor of the cervical mucosa) metr/o, metr/i uterine tissue i.e. endometritis (inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus)

7. ovar/o, oophor/o ovary i.e. oophorectomy (surgical removal of an ovary) salping/o uterine tube, fallopian tube i.e. salpingitis vulv/o vulva (external female genitalia)

8. men/o month menstruation sloughing of uterine lining at regular intervals, usually once a month. Also called menses menopause end of a woman’s reproductive period. Also called climacteric

9. Menstrual Irregularities amenorrhea (a-without. + men/o month, + rrhea discharge) absence of menstrual flow dysmenorrhea (dys-, difficult) painful menses menorrhagia (rrhagia, hemorrhage) excessive flow metrorrhagia (metr/o uterus) abnormal bleeding from the uterus not assoc. with menses

10. Diseases and Disorders Endometritis: inflammation of the endometrium Endometriosis: cond. Where tissue that resembles endometrium is found abnormally in other places, usually the abd. cavity

11. fistula: abnormal passage, or tube, between two internal organs or from an organ to the body surface Cystocele : protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina oophoritis : inflammation of an ovary oophorosalpingitis : inflammation of an ovary and it’s uterine tube Salpingitis : inflammation of a uterine tube

12. premenstrual syndrome (PMS): a syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, wt gain, edema, HA, painful breasts, sleep disturbances, occurring a few days prior to the onset of menses Myoma: a common, benign, fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle

13. pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): infection of the internal genital organs uterine cancer: any malignancy of the uterus including the cervix or endometrium

14. Surgical and Therapeutic Interventions contraception, contraceptive: used to prevent conception (pregnancy) tubal ligation: TL Please see pg 269 for a list of common contraceptive methods

15. Dilation and curettage: D&C, a surgical procedure that expands the cervical opening (dilation) so the uterine wall can be scraped (curettage) laparoscopy: direct visualization of abdominal contents using a lighted instrument

16. colpoplasty: plastic surgery of the vagina laparohysterectomy: removal of the uterus using a laproscope salpingo-oophorectomy: removal of an ovary and it’s assoc. tube

17. Pregnancy and Childbirth par/o: to bear offspring parturition: childbirth antepartum: period of time before birth postpartum: period of time after birth

18. gestation: pregnancy expected date of delivery: EED (AKA EDC ) expected date of confinement trimester: approx 3 months para: a female who has given birth -para I, II, etc. number of pregnancies resulting in live births nullipara, unipara, bipara, tripara 0 1 2 3

19. gravida: pregnant woman Prefix + -gravida = number of pregnancies primigravida = gravida I, meaning first pregnancy gravida II means 2 pregnancies, gravida III means 3 pregnancies, etc. What is, Gravida IV Para III ? 4 pregnancies 3 live births

20. Word Parts: Obstetric Terms fet/o: fetus (human embryo is called fetus after 8 weeks) amni/o: amnion (membrane which holds amniotic fluid + fetus) nat/i: birth Neonate: new born (up to 1st month of life)

21. Fetal Presentations

22. ultrasonography: can create a picture of the fetus using sound waves (ultrasound) ectopic pregnancy: implantation of fertilized ovum outside of the uterus vaginal delivery (SVD) cesarean section (C-section)

24. placenta: membrane through which the fetus receives nourishment abruptio placenta: separation of the placenta from the uterine wall placenta previa: placenta implants too low and covers some or all of the cervix amniotomy: surgical rupture of the amniotic sack

25. Breast Terms mastalgia, mastodynia, mammalgia all mean painful breast mastitis: inflammation of the breast mastoptosis: sagging breasts mastopexy: procedure which repairs mastoptosis augmentation mammoplasty reduction mammoplasty

26. Male Reproductive System Spermatozoa: mature male sex cell AKA sperm testes (testis, testicle): produce sperm testosterone : male hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics

27. Word Parts:Male Reproductive System orchid/o, orchi/o: testes test/o, testicul/o: testes pen/o: penis prostat/o: prostate scrot/o: scrotum, bag

28. semin/o semen spermat/o sperm -cidal killing vas/o ductus deferens or vas deferens (vessel or duct, allows the passage of sperm from the testes to the ejaculatory duct)

29. Hydrocele: accumulation of fluid around the testes, a serous tumor of the testes Torsiontesticular: twisting of the spermatic cord & blood vessels cutting off blood supply to the testicle Vasectomy: removal or suturing of the vas deferens

30. Surgical Terms prostatectomy: removal of all or part of the prostate What is transurethral prostatectomy? orchidectomy, orchiectomy: removal of a testicle orchiopexy: surgical fixation of an undescended testicle circumcision: surgical removal of he end of the foreskin of the penis.

31. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Pages 283 - 285

32. HSC 101 Health Care TerminologyChapter 12 The Integumentary System

33. Skin Covers the body ? Protects underlying tissues Controls body temperature Receives stimuli from environment Excretes water and salts

35. Accessory Structures seb/o sebum = oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

36. pil/o, trich/o hair pilomotor muscle erection = goose bumps

37. axill/o axilla, axillary (armpit) follicul/o follicle

38. Primary component of the nonliving cells of the outer layer of the epidermis keratin kerat/o Fingernails and toenails also made of keratin

39. onych/o, ungu/o nail

40. Word Parts ichthy/o fish resembling fish like scaly skin

41. Word Parts xer/o dry xerosis any dry condition

42. Word Parts (cont’d) seps/o infection asepsis = without infection, germs sterile

43. Word Parts (cont’d) sept/o infection or septum

44. Word Parts (cont’d) bacter/i, bacteri/o bacteria -cidal killing -static keeping stationary

47. Secondary lesions of the skin. Atrophy of the skin, ulcers, and fissures are deep irregular erosions resulting from changes in the initial skin lesion.

48. Skin Injuries keloid overgrowth and irregular growth of excessive collagen scar tissue formed during tissue repair most often occurs in people of color

49. IV. Skin Injuries laceration torn, jagged wound

50. IV. Skin Injuries incision smooth edged wound produced by a sharp instrument

51. IV. Skin Injuries abrasion results when the skin is scraped or rubbed away by friction

52. Skin Injuries contusion bruise caused by a blow to the body that does not break the skin

53. Burns Burn injuries are categorized according to depth of tissue destruction Superficial partial thickness Deep partial thickness Full thickness Deep full thickness sometimes skin grafting is necessary

54. V. Skin Disorders dermatitis inflammation of the skin

55. V. Skin Disorders necrosis death of areas of tissue or bone surrounded by healthy parts

56. V. Skin Disorders ? scleroderma chronic hardening & thickening of the skin

57. V. Skin Disorders ? skin cancer highly metastatic (travels to other body parts) pigmented neoplasm of the skin malignant melanoma

58. V. Skin Disorders ? urticaria skin eruption caused by wheals of varying shapes & sizes with well defined margins and pale centers.

59. V. Skin Disorders ? urticaria causes include drugs, foods and insect bites. Also called hives.

60. Wheals. This elevated, irregularly shaped lesion is seen in urticaria (hives), an allergic skin eruption. Notice the irregular shape, which is caused by edema.

61. ichthyosis one of several generalized skin disorders marked by dryness and scaling resembling fish skin

62. ? chronic disorder of the skin named for the reddish wolf-like facial rash (butterfly rash) pg 301 lupus erythrmatosus

63. Disorders of Accessory Skin Structures acne vulgaris skin disease characterized by blackheads (blocked hair follicles) being infected with bacteria), whiteheads and pus filled lesions

64. , Psoriasis is characterized by circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry silvery scale.

65. seborrheic dermatitis inflammatory condition of the skin that begins with the scalp but may involve other areas, particularly the eyebrows; commonly called dandruff

66. VI. Disorders of Accessory Skin Structures folliculitis inflammation of a hair follicle

67. ? hidradenitis inflammation of a sweat gland (AKA sudoriferous glands) caused by occlusion of the pores with subsequent bacterial infection of the gland

68. onychomycosis fungal disease of the nails

69. VI. Disorders of Accessory Skin Structures ? onychopathy any disease of the nails

70. Disorders of Accessory Skin Structures ? seborrhea excessive production of sebum (skin oil)

71. VI. Disorders of Accessory Skin Structures ? trichosis abnormal condition of hair growth, including baldness or

72. VI. Disorders of Accessory Skin Structures ? trichosis excessive abnormal hair growth in an unusual place

73. VII. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions liposuction cosmetic procedure to remove or reduce localized areas of fat see pg 304

74. VII. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions Cryosurgery using subfreezing temps to destroy tissue

75. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions curettage scraping to remove abnormal tissue

76. debridement removal of foreign material & dead or damaged tissue, especially from a wound until surrounding healthy tissue is exposed.

77. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions dermabrasion Rx for the removal of superficial scars on the skin by the use of wire brushes or sandpaper

78. electrolysis destruction of a substance by passing electrical current through it; laser Rx sometimes used to destroy hair follicles when hair grows in undesirable places

79. electrosurgery surgery performed with electric instruments that operate on high- frequency electric current and are often used to destroy skin lesions

80. topical medications medications that are applied directly to the skin

81.