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Plant Physiology

“ physis ” nature of (ultimate reasons …) physical & chemical basis for functions -------------------------- structure – form anatomy and morphology. Plant Physiology. Lecture 75% Exam I -> 1/5 Exam II -> 1/5 Final -> 2/5 Lect. Qu.’s -> 1/5 --> %

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Plant Physiology

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  1. “physis” nature of (ultimate reasons …) physical & chemical basis for functions -------------------------- structure – form anatomy and morphology Plant Physiology

  2. Lecture 75% Exam I -> 1/5 Exam II -> 1/5 Final -> 2/5 Lect. Qu.’s -> 1/5 --> % Every part is converted to a % score Lab 25% Battery of 12 Labs -> 48 pts Student Journal Independent Research Project -> 22 pts Journal Form:Intro, M & M, Results, Sum & Conclusions, Lit. Cited Lab Quizzes -> 40 pts TOTAL PTS -> 110 -> _% PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Bio 340 2011

  3. Lab Journal • For Each Investigation: • Purpose: • a statement of the main objective of the activity; what you are testing, measuring or observing • Procedures (Protocol): • provided by the instructor through oral communications and handouts; summarized in journal • Data (Results): • Your whole class data along with your own individual or group data whenever possible • Summary and Conclusions: • 4 pts/lab X 12 = 48 pts • (You Control the Organization!)

  4. Plant Functions: (?) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Plant Physiology

  5. Form & Function Plant Functions: 1. capture energy & assimilate carbon 2. distribute nutrients & water 3. grow & develop 4. reproduce 5. respond to the environment - How Plants Work Plant Physiology

  6. Form & Function Plant Functions – How they work I. Phytohormones II. Water Relations III. Biochemistry Main Units of Bio 340 Plant Physiology

  7. Transpiration? • Guard Cells, Stomates • glucose flux, ion flux

  8. Reductionism?

  9. Emergence?

  10. Vascular vs. Non-vascularPlants

  11. cell wall plasma membrane protoplast organelles nucleus/nucleoplasm cytoplasm Cytosol (gel) Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  12. Plasma Membrane - Plasmalemma up to 50% Phospholipid up to 50% Protein Integral, Peripheral pores, enzyme systems bilayer in water impermeable to most charged particles made in ER, Chloroplasts & mitochndria fig 1.16 Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  13. ___________ Protein ____________ Phospholipid __ Phospholipid ____________ Protein ____________ fig 1.17 Integral, Peripheral pores, enzyme systems Glycolipids PlasmalemmaUnit Membrane & Fluid Mozaic Models

  14. Vacuole - fluid-filled sac within most plant cells; surrounded by plasmalemma called tonoplast (aqueous) May be 80 - 90% of cell volume function: uptake of water and cell enlargement Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  15. Nucleus - Genetic Material DNA Chromosomes Double Membrane - pores Nucleolus - Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  16. Nucleus - Genetic Material DNA Chromosomes Double Membrane - pores Nucleolus - -> Ribosome production (Protein production) Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  17. Endoplasmic Reticulum system of membrane- canals within the cell rough - (ribosomes) smooth - Golgi Complex Cis Cisterna Trans Cisterna fig.1.4 Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  18. Golgi Complex Cis Cisterna Trans Cisterna fig.1.4 Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  19. Cytoskeleton 3-D network Microtubules tubulin Microfilaments actin Dynamic -> Cytoplasmic Streaming tubulin Actin Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  20. Cytoskeleton 3-D network fig.1.22 Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  21. Mitochondrion - double membrane cover Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  22. Mitochondrion - double membrane cover Cell respiration -> ATPs glycolysis Krebs Cycle Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  23. Chloroplast - photosynthesis “Endosymbiosis” Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  24. Plastids - Protoplast -> Chloroplast - photosynthesis Amyloplast - starch storage Chromoplast- pigment storage fig. 1.21 Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  25. Microbodies Oleosomes - Peroxisomes - Glyoxysomes - Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  26. Microbodies Oleosomes - lipid storage; mainly in seeds 1/2 membrane cover; from smooth ER Peroxisomes - contain catalase; rid hydrogen peroxide single layer membrane cover Glyoxysomes - fatty-acid metabolism single layer membrane cover Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  27. Cell Wall - Primary - Cellulose Microfibrils 50% - Pectin 35% - Glycans (10%) forms X-linkages between Microfibrils, dynamic Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  28. Cell Wall - Secondary 45 % Cellulose Less Pectin Less Glycans Little Pectins 35% Lignin woody high strength (concrete reinforced with steel rods) (2) Zones Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  29. Cell Plate - fusion of Golgi Bodies -> Middle Lamella Cellulose Synthase - emzyme for cellulose poduction Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  30. Plasmodesmata - continuation of plasmalemma between cells Desmotubules - continuation of ER Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  31. Primary Pit Field - No secondary CW Pits, Pit Pairs Plant Cellsmallest functional unit

  32. Pathways • Symplast • connections of cytosol through plasmodesmata • Apoplast • non-cytoplasmic spaces

  33. Cells --> Tissues • Parenchyma - photosynthesis; storage • (Chlorenchyma); undifferentiated cells • Collenchyma - support • Sclerenchyma - support • Xylem - (tracheids & vessels) conducting • water & minerals • Phloem - (seive tube elements & • companion cells); conductingorganic food in • solution

  34. Cells --> Tissues • Epidermis - protective covering; replaced by • phlellem; (guard cells, cuticle) • Periderm - (Cork or phlellem cells); forms cork • cambium

  35. Plant Developmentseed --> embryo --> adult plant

  36. Plant Developmentembryos

  37. Largest Seed Known??

  38. Largest Seed Known??

  39. Meristems Apical primary growth Lateral secondary growth vascular cambium cork cambium Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)

  40. Meristems Apical primary growth Lateral secondary growth vascular cambium cork cambium Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)

  41. Root Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)

  42. Stem Adult Plant Body (angiosperm organs)

  43. Monocots vs. Dicots

  44. LeavesPetiole & Blade

  45. LeavesPetiole & Blade

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