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16.2 Japan’s Pacific Campaign

16.2 Japan’s Pacific Campaign. Ms. Bielefeld Spring 2012. The Road to Pearl Harbor. Japan plans to attack European colonies in Southeast Asia Americans cracked their codes & sent aid to Chinese resistance (fighting Japanese since 1931) July 1941—Roosevelt cuts off oil to Japan

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16.2 Japan’s Pacific Campaign

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  1. 16.2 Japan’s Pacific Campaign Ms. Bielefeld Spring 2012

  2. The Road to Pearl Harbor • Japan plans to attack European colonies in Southeast Asia • Americans cracked their codes & sent aid to Chinese resistance (fighting Japanese since 1931) • July 1941—Roosevelt cuts off oil to Japan • Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto called for an attack on the U.S. fleet in Hawaii

  3. Pearl Harbor—December 7, 1941 • Japanese launched a surprise attack on U.S. naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • Severely damaged naval fleet (19 ships) in 2 hours • Over 2,300 Americans killed & over 1,100 wounded • December 8—Roosevelt addressed Congress & declared war on Japan • “A date which will live in infamy.” -FDR

  4. Japanese Victories • Same time as Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack Hong Kong (Britain), Guam (U.S.), and Wake Island (U.S.) • Japanese attack the Philippines & they fall in 1942 • Japan captures Hong Kong, Singapore, & Dutch East Indies • Japanese treated captured people brutally

  5. Bataan Death March • 70,000 Allied prisoners marched 50 miles up the Bataan Peninsula in the Philippines • Many were beaten & killed • 54,000 survived the march

  6. Allies Strike Back • April 1942—Doolittle Raids—U.S. planes bombed Tokyo (lifted American spirits) • Battle of Coral Sea—1st naval battle carried out completely by aircraft • New kind of fighting introduced—done by airplanes • Prevent Japanese attack of Australia

  7. Battle of Midway—June 4-7, 1942 • Thanks to code breakers, Admiral Chester Nimitz, commander in chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, knew the Japanese were heading for Midway Island • U.S. destroyed Japan’s naval fleet & Japan retreated • Midway was a key American airfield • Turned the tide of the war in the Pacific

  8. Island Hopping • General Douglas MacArthur—American Army commander in the Pacific • Strategy: island-hopping towards Japan • Hop past enemy strongholds & attack weaker Japanese bases • Built airfields on conquered islands MacArthur and his men

  9. Battle of Guadalcanal • August 7- February 1943 (6 months) • Marines stormed the island and marked Japan’s first defeat on land • Over 24,000 lost • Referred to as “the Island of Death” by both sides • Allowed U.S. to reach Japan with long-range bombers

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