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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Words and Meanings (with a lot of help from the Medieval Dinos ). Backup of this lecture at http://faculty.winthrop.edu/kosterj/ engl507/lectures/Chapter10.ppt. Key Terms. Semantics. Semantics as much a philosophical as a linguistic field

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Words and Meanings(with a lot of help from the Medieval Dinos)

  2. Backup of this lecture at http://faculty.winthrop.edu/kosterj/engl507/lectures/Chapter10.ppt

  3. Key Terms

  4. Semantics • Semantics as much a philosophical as a linguistic field • Has become extremely important in computer science • Clinton: “It depends on what the meaning of the word 'is' is.” • General Semantics: Hayakawa, Korzybyski

  5. Linguistic Universals

  6. Semantics and Language Acquisition

  7. Semantics and Idiolects

  8. The Whorfian Hypothesis in action…

  9. Semantic Range & the Whorfian Hypothesis

  10. Reasons for Semantic Change • Diachronic evolution • Socio-cultural pressures • Political considerations (“hot dog” instead of “frankfurter” or “weiner,” “Freedom Fries”) • Intellectual • Vogues, memes: “viral,” “green-”

  11. Semantic Marking

  12. Perceptions of Sexist Language

  13. Etymology vs. folk etymology

  14. Important semantic categories • Generalization and Specialization: extension or narrowing of semantic information • Transfer of meaning, often involving figurative language: metaphor, metonymy, synechdoche, synesthesia • Restriction: abstract vs. concrete, subjective vs. objective • Valuation: amelioration vs. pejoration, taboos, euphemisms • Intensification: very, totally, awesome

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