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Nutrients

Nutrients. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water. Food Pyramid. Digestion of Carbohydrates. a -amylase. b -amylase. Three enzymes required a -amylase b -amylase Debranching Enzyme. Debranching Enzyme. Digestion of Carbohydrates. debranching enzyme.

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Nutrients

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  1. Nutrients • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Vitamins • Minerals • Water Food Pyramid

  2. Digestion of Carbohydrates a-amylase b-amylase • Three enzymes required a-amylase b-amylase Debranching Enzyme Debranching Enzyme

  3. Digestion of Carbohydrates debranching enzyme

  4. Digestion of Fats • Require Bile Salts for Solubilization • Require Lipases to Break Down • Transported via Chylomicrons

  5. Transport of Fats

  6. Digestion of Proteins • Proteases hydrolyze the peptide bond • Different proteases cleave proteins at specific positions Chymotrypsin Cleavage Sites

  7. Specificity of Proteases • Chymotrpsin • Cleaves after large nonpolar residues • Tyrpsin • Cleaves after Arg and Lys residues • Elastase • Cleaves after small nonpolar residues

  8. Regulation of Proteases and Lipases: Proenzymes Enzyme Cascades – 1  10  1000  10000

  9. Essential Fatty Acids and Amino Acids • Essential Fatty Acids • Linoleic (18C, 2 Double Bonds) • Linolenic (18C, 3 Double Bonds)

  10. Vitamins • Required for Normal Growth and Function • Organic Molecules • Synthetically Complex • Precursors to Enzyme Cofactors • Grouped as Water-soluble or Fat-soluble

  11. Water vs. Fat-soluble Vitamins

  12. Water-Soluble Vitamins

  13. Fat-Soluble Vitamins

  14. Vitamin C

  15. Vitamin C Deficiency Leads to Scurvy

  16. Collagen Collagen

  17. Vitamin C

  18. Vitamin K is Required for Clot Formation

  19. Case Study of Folate Deficiency and Biochemical Considerations http://www.hscbklyn.edu/SUNY/Biochem/ALCOHOL/alcohol_case1.html Background on Folate and B12 Metabolism. http://www.hscbklyn.edu/SUNY/Biochem/ALCOHOL/alcohol_folate_bkgd.html

  20. Folic Acid is reduced to THF Enzyme cofactor: thymidylate synthase

  21. Folic Acid is reduced to THF Enzyme cofactor: thymidylate synthase

  22. Folic Acid is reduced to THF Enzyme cofactor: thymidylate synthase

  23. Uracil (U) Thymine (T) Folic Acid is Converted to THF thymidylate synthase: dUMP + methylene-THF --- > dTMP + dihydrofolate (DHF)

  24. Uracil (U) Folic Acid is Converted to THF thymidylate synthase: dUMP + methylene-THF --- > dTMP + dihydrofolate (DHF) Thymine (T)

  25. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/cgi/explore.cgi?job=graphics&pdbId=2KCE&page=99&pid=286001115140247

  26. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

  27. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

  28. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

  29. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

  30. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

  31. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

  32. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

  33. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

  34. Binding Of The Anticancer Drug Zd1694 To E. Coli Thymidylate Synthase: Assessing Specificity and Affinity

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