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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS RUSSIA PART 1: FLOODS

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS RUSSIA PART 1: FLOODS. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN RUSSIA. FLOODS. GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES. WINDSTORMS. EARTHQUAKES.

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS RUSSIA PART 1: FLOODS

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  1. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERSRUSSIAPART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN RUSSIA FLOODS GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT WILDFIRES ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

  3. Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric-lithospheric interactions cause: • FLOODS

  4. RUSSIA

  5. Russia, the largest country in the world, and the only one surrounded by twelve seas and spread out on two continents, has many communities that are at risk from riverine flooding, flash floods, and floods from windstorms.

  6. RUSSIA’S RIVERS: AMONG THE IMPORTANT RIVERS OF THE WORLD

  7. RUSSIA’S RIVERS

  8. RUSSIA HAS MANY RIVERS THAT HAVE EXPERIENCED FLOODING • Russia’s rivers in Europe include: the Volga, the Don, the Kama, the Oka, and the Northern Dvina. • In Asia, Russia’s rivers include: the Ob, the Irtysh, the Yenisev, the Angara, the Lena, the Amur, the Yana, the Indiqirka, and the Kolyma.

  9. ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER

  10. HAZARDS EXPOSURE VULNERABILITY LOCATION ELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISK RISK

  11. FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) • TOO MUCH WATER DISCHARGED WITHIN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO BE ACCOMMODATED NORMALLY IN THE REGIONAL WATER CYCLE • EROSION • SCOUR • MUDFLOWS

  12. THE VOLGA, “MOTHER VOLGA,” IS EUROPE’S LONGEST RIVER

  13. FLOOD ON THE VOLGA: APRIL 2012

  14. THE FLOOD HAZARDSARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS

  15. A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A FLOOD INTERACT WITH RUSSIA’S COMMUNITIES

  16. CAUSES OF RISK LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER FLOODS WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) CASE HISTORIES EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

  17. A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community torespond without external help  when three continuums: 1)  people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,..) intersect at a point in space and time.

  18. Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

  19. THE REASONS ARE . . . • When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.

  20. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence—high-probability of adverse consequences event.

  21. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community has NODISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.

  22. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.

  23. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

  24. FLOODS IN RUSSIAMARCH 2010 SPRING RUNOFF AFTER A HARSH WINTER INCREASES FLOOD RISKS ACROSS RUSSIA

  25. Prime Minister Vladimir Putin warned that thousands of Russian towns and villages could be affected by "unusually strong" spring floods as record snowfall melted after the harshest winter in years.

  26. Military planes and helicopters were called in to help cope with floods in the basins of the Ob, Angara, Yenisei, Lena and Amur Rivers by carrying out surveillance missions and breaking up ice jams.

  27. 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER JULY 2012

  28. JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER • The 2012 Russian floods occurred in Krasnodar Krai(southwest Russia near the coast of the Black sea as the result of the equivalent of five months of rain (275 mm (10 inches) falling overnight.

  29. JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER • 144 people died during the floods. • The floods damaged the homes of nearly 13,000 people.

  30. JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER • Approximately 30,000 people were adversely impacted by the floods.

  31. JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD

  32. JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD

  33. RECORD FLOODING ALONG AMUR RIVER NEAR KHABAROVSK, RUSSIAAugust 23, 2013

  34. LOCATION MAP

  35. RECORD FLOODING IN EASTERN RUSSIA • The water in the Amur River near Khabarovsk reached 720 cm (24 ft), exceeding the historic level of 642 cm set during the flood of 1897 over a century ago.

  36. RUSSIA’S AMUR RIVER

  37. PREPARING FOR A RECORD CREST OF THE AMUR RIVER

  38. BUT . . . , THE RAIN AND RUNOFF AFTER A DIMINISHED SUPER TYPHOON UTOR MADE LANDFALL IN CHINA EXACERBATED FLOODING IN EASTERN RUSSIA

  39. TYPHOON UTOR: AUGUST 14

  40. IMPACTS IN RUSSIA • The flooding devastated the homes of more than 31 thousand people, and adversely affected more than 21 million people in various ways. • More than 15 thousand people were evacuated. • Economic losses exceeded 3 billion rubles.

  41. HEALTH CARE CONCERNS • As flooding conditions worsened, unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological conditions developed throughout the area, exacerbating the risk of water-borne diseases. • The flooding also created an urgent need for safe drinking water.

  42. INUNDATION

  43. WITH ITS MANY RIVERS,RUSSIA’S NEXT FLOOD IS INEVITABLE • ---SO, DON’T WAIT FOR ANOTHER REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT.

  44. THE ALTERNATIVE TO A FLOOD DISASTER ISFLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

  45. FLOOD HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • FORECASTS/SCENARIOS • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION FLOOD RISK POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE DATA BASES AND INFORMATION RUSSIA’S COMMINITIES HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

  46. PURPOSE PROTECTION THREAT IDENTIFICATION AND WARNING TECHNIQUE WETLANDS, RESERVOIRS, LEVEES, DAMS REMOTE SENSING; COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS

  47. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TECHNOLOGIES THAT FACILITATE THREAT IDENTI-FICATION FOR SMART COUNTER-MEASURES IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

  48. EXAMPLE OF FLOOD PROTECTION: A DAM

  49. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL THE LIKELY FLOOD HAZARDS (E.G., HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL) IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

  50. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

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