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Advances in Pap Smear Technology: A Review of Historical Challenges and Current Innovations

The Pap smear, a cornerstone of cervical cancer screening since the 1950s, has undergone minimal changes despite its powerful role in public health. Issues of morbidity and mortality connected to cervical cancer persist, prompting scrutiny over screening methods since the late 1980s. Misdiagnosis, false negatives, and sampling errors remain significant concerns. Innovations like ThinPrep technology improve previous methods by ensuring better sample collection, transfer, and preservation, while enhancing automated processing for precision and reproducibility in test results.

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Advances in Pap Smear Technology: A Review of Historical Challenges and Current Innovations

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Presentation Transcript

  1. New Pap Technologies • Pap smear • Introduced in ’50s • Little change since its introduction • Powerful public health measure • Morbidity and mortality remain high • screening under scrutiny since late’80s • Misdiagnosis –false negatives • Quality Control

  2. Sources of False Negatives • Sampling/preparation errors • Cells not collected on collecting device • Collected cells not transferred to slide • Poor preservation • Screening errors • Abnormal cells present or missed • Interpretive errors

  3. Pap Smear Majority of cells not captured Non-representative transfer of cells Clumping and overlapping of cells Obscuring material ThinPrep Majority of sample is collected Randomised representative transfer of cells Even distribution of cells Minimises obscuring material ThinPrep Pap test/ Liquid based cytology

  4. ThinPrep processing • Samples prepared under laboratory conditions • Automated capacity • Convenient • Reproducible

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