Managing Nuclear Knowledge and Nuclear Renaissance Quo Vadis?

1. Managing Nuclear Knowledge and Nuclear RenaissanceQuo Vadis? Global Energy Needs and Nuclear Power Nuclear Power and Nuclear Knowledge The Challenges for Knowledge Management IAEA NKM program Yanko Yanev IAEA

2. DESPERATE ENERGY NEED ACCELERATING GROWTH ONGOING DEMAND

3. Energy proportions

4. Energy and Development • Every significant advance in the 20th century has been created by “modern energy”: • Great energy milestones: • Big oil era began in 1901 • Electricity replaced coal, gas and kerosene generated light • Internal combustion engine created cars • Middle East oil created “cheap oil forever” • Atomic energy created electricity ”too cheap to meter” • Piping natural gas created miracle of energy heat • Wind and Solar are promising an “energy paradise” for all

5. The Human Development Index HDI 5

6. HDI and Electricity Use

7. World of Scenarios and Projections World population

8. World energy demand 18 000 Solar 16 000 Mtoe Hydro 14 000 Nuclear 12 000 Biomass 10 000 Gas 8 000 6 000 Coal 4 000 Oil 2 000 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 World energy demand expands by 45% between now and 2030 – an average rate of increase of 1.6% per year – with coal accounting for more than a third of the overall rise

9. World of Climate Change Realities World

10. Can Nuclear Energy Provide a Solution to the Energy Dilemma?

11. Nuclear Power Individual countries requesting IAEA assistance Mature Nuclear Countries & continue developing Mature Nuclear Countries & phase out decision made New comer Nuclear Countries & never finished to built New comer Nuclear Countries with previous experiences Countries which has information in Country Nuclear Power Profiles

12. European landscape

13. Demand for Nuclear Knowledge With a forthcoming high growth in nuclear industry worldwide, maintaining nuclear competencies both in industry and nuclear regulatory authorities will be the most critical challenge in the near future. Governments and the nuclear industry have already recognized the need to secure qualified human resources in the nuclear energy field.

14. Nuclear Knowledgea remarkable achievement of human development 1955 1945 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

15. Nuclear Power Development

16. Nuclear knowledge is an asset and should be managed efficiently Industry Knowledge Asset Classes: Physical Capital - Equipment/Hardware Technology Capital - IT/Process Knowledge Human Capital - People Corporate and Executive Knowledge Nuclear Processes / Manager and Supervisor Knowledge Front line / Craftsperson / Skilled Labor Knowledge • A resource which was created by absorbing other resources, • Has its own cost .Has to be managed in an efficient and effective manner to help to reach organizational or national goals. 16 16

17. The Knowledge Load for Nuclear Power

18. Needed Knowledge for Nuclear power development Chemistry Environment Calculation code Signal processing Instrumentation Control and Indus. Info. Radiation protection Design, Process Thermohydraulics 2% 4% Safety, Fuel, Neutron Physics 2% 15% 10% 14% Operations 25% 11% Metallurgy, Structure of Materials, Non intrusive Control 6% 11% Civil Engineering Electromechanical Engineering

20. The “Knowledge challenges” Aging of nuclear personnel, retirement, Loss of valuable nuclear knowledge, Degradation in technology skillsand know-how, Possible degradation in safety of current installations? Dilution or loss of innovation potential? Status of Nuclear R&D? - Gen4,INPRO Education & Training, where are we heading? 20

21. Developed countriesare the custodians of nuclear knowledge accumulated over decades. There is consensus that actions need to be taken to preserve its key parts. Problem: effective knowledge transfer between generations of workers, the need to sustain and develop sufficient human resources to sustain the operation of existing facilities and to prepare for a possible expansion in the future. 21

22. Developing countriesface different knowledge problems:capacity building, access to and transfer of knowledge to the “country of growth”. Knowledge and human resources need to be build up for new nuclear power programmes, and knowledge needs to be sustained (and not be brain-drained). 22

23. Countries Review Do we have the people with the right knowledge and skills to achieve a sustained growth in Nuclear power worldwide?

24. USA landscape Nuclear Engineering Trends in Nuclear Chemistry Programs Source: NEDHO 2004

25. Trends In Graduates Enrollment and Federal Investment – 1990-2008 2500 35 30 2000 25 1500 20 Number of Undergrad Students - yellow 15 1000 10 500 5 0 0 2008 1996 2002 2006 1990 1992 1994 1998 2000 2004 “Enrollment Metric” undergrads DOE Investment ($ in Millions –red) DOE-NE $

26. The needs of the French nuclear program 26/15

27. The Russian nuclear workforce 27

28. The German Phase-out

29. Need for nuclear specialists in Germany

30. Manpower for Operating China NPPs No. of Employees (cumulative) Year

31. UK Nuclear human resource 31

32. Time to build competence

33. National Priorities of IAEA Member States

34. Critical Knowledge Issues How to retain existing skills and competences for the long period during which a plant is operating, especially when facilities in that country may be at the end of the life cycle and no additional facilities are foreseen in the near future. How to develop new skills and competences in areas such as decommissioning and radioactive waste management, which may be viewed as "sunset" activities and therefore unattractive to young people. How to support a revival of nuclear power in countries wishing to do so, with an ageing workforce and declining programs.

35. Can the nuclear industry protect knowledge alone? Are we not duplicating industry? Markets can create and preserve knowledge only in areas of commercial interest and during the time this interest lasts. Managing nuclear knowledge requires long-term planningand remains in the responsibility of governments as a part of national development plans and international obligations both for developed and developing countries. 35

36. Players and Roles Government Focus Higher Risk Short Term Higher Risk Long Term Risk Lower Risk Short Term Lower Risk Long Term Industry Focus Time 36 • Industry must address immediate requirements • Design, delivery, and operations need constant focus • Safety and regulation • Economics • Governments must address longer term issues • Policy-making • R&D for • Pre-commercial • Strategic • Regulatory • Underlying science • Education & infrastructure • Agency Government focus

37. The Role of the IAEA The role for the Agency is to assist in the transfer of knowledge from “centres of competence” to the “centres of growth”. Potentially high risk of knowledge loss and additional cost for future generationsmust be avoided, and the Agency can help to integrate this long-term aspect into today's strategic decisions. 37

38. Agency’ Programme Evolution Knowledge CULTURE Knowledge MANAGEMENT 2006/7 2nd NKM Conference Nuclear Knowledge Portal ANENT Cyber platform launched 3rd GC RES 2002 Meeting of Senior Officials st GC RES on Managing Nuclear Knowledge 2005 1st KM Assist Visit NKM Methodology & Guidance developed 2004 1st NKM Conference ANENT, WNU SI established GC/RES on Managing Nuclear Knowledge 2008/9 – 2010/11 1.Promoting Knowledge Management Culture 2. Providing Services 3. Developing knowledge products 4. Facilitate networking and knowledge sharing. 2000 2005 2011 2007 2003 2009 Analyzing Needs Promoting NKM Guidance & Methodology Providing Services & Support 38

39. Knowledge Management Methodology and Guidance Nuclear Energy Series

40. NKM is part of Integrated Management Systems GS-R-3 Safety Requirements on Management Systems 50-C-Q Code Quality Assurance + new material (Knowledge Management) 50-SG-Q1 to Q7 Safety Guides GS-G-3.1 Thematic Guidance on Management Systems + new material (Knowledge Management) 50-SG-Q8 to Q14 Safety Guides DS 349 Specific Guidance for MS Of Nuclear Facilities + new material

41. IAEA NKM Publications

42. NKM Guidance underdevelopment • Knowledge Management for Radwaste Management Organizations, • Process Oriented Knowledge Management in Nuclear operating Organizations • Managing Knowledge in New NPP Builds

43. NKM and Construction Oversight Development Evaluation Assessment Supportive Conclusion Continuance RFQ Review Review ASME SECTIONS 3 + 11 Build Bid Package Bid Eval BFO Award NTP Scheduled Construction Operational Support Long Lead Items Construction Post Construction Owner Acceptance Ongoing License Docs Application Development Compliance Matrix COLA COL Assign Project Team Procurement Project Buy-out Subcontracts Purchase Orders Mobilization Staging Layout Operations Project Close Out Warranty Project Evaluation License Operational Permitting Pre Construction Value Engineering Due Diligence Design Commitment Design Completion RFI’s Submittal Review Change Order Review Time Extension Justification 24 months 30 Months 16 Months 36 Months 16 Months Continuing . Construction Oversight Knowledge Management Tool for new build NPPs 43 NKM Program 2008/9 43

44. The NKM project for nuclear education NUCLEAR DISCIPLINES INFORMATION RESOURCES CYBER PLATFORM Programs and Curricula Cooperation with MEPhI, ENEN, Dalton Inst., etc. Provision of Educators, Mentors, and Tutors The Cyber Learning Platform Operated jointly by Member States and IAEA (Industry?) • Comprehensive, supporting materials • All the Agency’s resources • INIS • Library • Training materials • Nuclear Safety Series • Nuclear Energy docs. • National reports • Others A bit more complicated IAEA Global Nuclear Education Platform – Operated from KAERI, Vienna, Bariloche, Johannesburg 44

45. Agency Network for Education in Nuclear Technology Support to develop, consolidate, and utilize the web-based standardized education and training materials Provide infrastructure for distance, knowledge sharing and communication in nuclear education. Currently operate or under consideration: • ANENT • LA NENT • AFRA NENT(?) A - N E N T

46. World Nuclear University The Agency is a founding supporter of the WNU. IAEA supports fellows from developing countries through the TC program. IAEA provides faculty to WNU Summer Institute and other WNU programs. 46 NKM Program 2008/9 46

47. The Knowledge Assist Visits Evaluation of organizational NKM elements, • Analysis of organizational needs for NKM, • Support in developing a Strategy for NKM, • Assistance in methods and tools for NKM, • Risk assessment of knowledge loss.

48. Fast Reactor Knowledge System IAEA DATA + links to other Knowledge Resources JAPAN USA IAEA-broker and provider INDIA FAST REACTORS INFORMATION END USER GERMANY • General Principles: • Electronic Documents Access • Confidentiality and Intellectual property rights • Sharing and commercial access FRANCE RUSSIA KNOW-HOW UK 48

49. “NuArch” - Archiving the “Nuclear Internet” NuArch 1. A web crawler identifies and downloads (harvests) nuclear information resources from the Internet. 2. The harvested materials is automatically indexed and stored in a high-volume archive with version control. 3. A customised version of an advanced search engine indexes all contents. 4. Specialised analysis tools are developed. 49

50. Three reasons to consider about Nuclear Renaissance… • The world is in desperate need of energy. • By releasing waste from fossil energy production into the atmosphere, we pollute the environment and we pass on to our children a little more each day. Is that acceptable? Is it sustainable? • Mankind has - since its beginnings - proved itself capable of controlling technical progress to ensure its own well being and the smooth development of the planet.