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Understanding Reaction Rates and Thermodynamics: Key Factors and Concepts

This comprehensive review explores the fundamental principles of thermodynamics and their impact on reaction rates. Key factors affecting reaction rates, including the number of collisions, reactant concentration, temperature, surface area, and catalysts, are discussed. The differences between exothermic and endothermic reactions are highlighted, along with potential energy diagrams and the concepts of heat of reaction and entropy. The guide also covers specific heat calculations, heat of fusion, and the calculation of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) to determine reaction spontaneity.

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Understanding Reaction Rates and Thermodynamics: Key Factors and Concepts

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Test Review Thermodynamics

  2. Factors effecting the rates of reaction • Number of collisions • Concentration of reactants • Temperature • Surface area • Catalysts

  3. Potential Energy Diagrams • Activated Complex • Heat of Reaction • Exothermic vs Endothermic • Result of a catalyst

  4. Exothermic Reactions • Releases heat • Sign of DH is negative • Temperature of the surroundings increases

  5. Endothermic reactions • Absorbs energy • Sign of DH is positive • Temperature of the surroundings decreases

  6. Entropy • Solid < Liquid < Gas • Dissolving a solute into a solvent INCREASES entropy.

  7. Specific Heat Calculations • Q = mcDT • Specific heat (c) = 4.18 J/goC • Use when you have a temperature change

  8. Calculating heat of fusion • Q = mass x heat of fusion • Used only for a phase change • NO temperature change

  9. Calculating Heat of Reaction • Sum of products – sum of reactants • H = nHf(products) - mHf(reactants)

  10. Calculating DG • Determines whether a reaction is spontaneous. • DG + is nonspontaneous. • DG negative is spontaneous. • DG = DH-TDS

  11. DG = DH - TDS

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