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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids. Information storage. proteins. DNA. Nucleic Acids. Function: genetic material stores information genes blueprint for building proteins DNA  RNA  proteins transfers information blueprint for new cells blueprint for next generation. Nucleic Acids. Examples:

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Nucleic Acids

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  1. Nucleic Acids Informationstorage

  2. proteins DNA Nucleic Acids • Function: • genetic material • stores information • genes • blueprint for building proteins • DNA  RNA  proteins • transfers information • blueprint for new cells • blueprint for next generation

  3. Nucleic Acids • Examples: • RNA (ribonucleic acid) • single helix • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • double helix • Structure: • monomers = nucleotides DNA RNA

  4. Nucleotides • 3 parts • nitrogen base (C-N ring) • pentose sugar (5C) • ribose in RNA • deoxyribose in DNA • phosphate(PO4)group Nitrogen baseI’m the A,T,C,G or Upart! Are nucleic acidscharged molecules?

  5. Types of nucleotides • 2 types [have different N bases] 1. purines • double ring N base • adenine (A) • guanine (G) 2. pyrimidines • single ring N base • cytosine (C) • thymine (T) • uracil (U)

  6. Nucleic polymer • Backbone • sugar to PO4 bond • phosphodiester bond • new base added to sugar of previous base • polymer grows in one direction • N bases hang off the sugar-phosphate backbone Dangling bases?Why is this important?

  7. Directionality of DNA You need to number the carbons! it matters! nucleotide PO4 N base 5 CH2 This will beIMPORTANT!! O 1 4 ribose 3 2 OH

  8. The DNA backbone Putting the DNA backbone together refer to the 3 and 5 ends of the DNA the last trailing carbon 5 PO4 base CH2 5 O 4 1 C 3 2 O P –O O Sounds trivial, but…this will beIMPORTANT!! O base CH2 5 O 4 1 2 3 OH 3

  9. Bonding in DNA hydrogen bonds 5 3 covalent phosphodiester bonds 3 5 ….strong or weak bonds? Why? Remember Hydrogen Bonds A-T (2) and C-G (3)

  10. DNA molecule • Shape: • Double helix • H bonds between bases join the 2 strands • A :: T • C :: G H bonds?Why is this important?

  11. Another interesting note… • ATPAdenosine triphosphate • modified nucleotide • adenine (AMP) + Pi + Pi + +

  12. 3 differences between DNA and RNA DNA structure • Has deoxyribose as a sugar • Double strand – double helix • Has thymine as a base RNA structure • Has ribose as a sugar instead of deoxyribose • Is generally single-stranded • Has uracil instead of thymine

  13. Scientists: • Erwin Chargaff – studied amounts of nitrogenous bases in DNA (base pair rule) • Rosalind Franklin – 1952 – X-ray diffraction to get pattern from structure of DNA - Responsible for the molecular structure • James Watson & Francis Crick – 1953 – published model and paper on DNA structure as a double helix

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