APAN meeting January 23-24, 2001 Tsutomu SHIGETA Satellite Mission Research Center

1. NASDA i-Space ProjectAndIts Approach To Regional Cooperation for Satellite Application Experiments APAN meeting January 23-24, 2001 Tsutomu SHIGETA Satellite Mission Research Center National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA)

2. Mission planning Research Utilizationexperiments Satellite Mission Research Center Project teams Operations Development Manufacture Satellite Mission Research Center Promoting space utilization Creating new satellitemissions Point of contact for cooperative activities

3. High-speed internet access Disaster management Remote medical treatment Remote education Advanced ITS Environment monitoring Academic research network i-Space for the Coming Information Society Space Infrastructure WINDS, ETS-VIII, Quasi-Zenith Satellite Information Technology (IT) User oriented

4. i-Space (Space information infrastructure) Pilot experiment with existing commercial satellite WINDS Quasi-zenith Satellite Sea, Land & Air Intelligent Transport System Satellite multicastingand Satellite IX ETS-VIII Tele-medicine Overcoming digital divide Satellite mobile communications Tele-education

5. Implementation Plan Quasi-zenith Satellite System Advanced satellite mobile communications & positioning 2005- WINDS High-data-rate communications & satellite-based internet 2004- ETS-VIII Satellite mobile communication 2001- Pilot experiments Experiments on element technologies

6. ETS-VIII

7. ETS-VIII(Engineering Test Satellite - VIII) - Launch in 2004FY - Large-scale deployable reflector - Mobile satellite communications system - Mobile satellite multimedia broadcasting system - Satellite positioning Antenna for Positioning Experiment Phased Array Antenna Feeder Deployable Solar Paddles Large-Scale Deployable Reflector

8. -4 -2 0 2 Handheld Terminal Experiment Area 6 Portable Terminal Experiment Area 4 Hong Kong Taipei Transportable station Experiment Area 2 Manila Coverage of S-band Communication Antenna Hand-held Terminal : Portable telephone size Portable Terminal: Note-book computer size Transportable station: High-gain antenna of 1m diameter Fixed Beam Area Scanning Beam Area • Number of scanning beams are three • The beam can scan anywhere in the scanning area disc

9. - 5.00 0.00 5.00 DEG DEG L-band Service Area S-band Service Area S-band-10 dB Area 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 - 5.00 - 5.00 L-band -10 dB Area - 5.00 0.00 5.00 Coverage of Satellite Navigation

10. WINDS(Wideband InterNetworking engineering test and Demonstration Satellite)

11. Rx Antenna(Japan & the neighborhood) WINDS Tx & Rx Antenna(Overseas) Tx Antenna(Japan & the neighborhood) Solar Paddle Rx APAA Tx APAA 23m

12. Mission Communication Links (tentative)

13. Throughput(Bent Pipe) ＭＰＡ(＃２） LNA,D/C ＆ IF SW MTX IF SW MTX ＆ U/C Tx and Rx MBA (Asia） Rx MBA (Domestic) … ATM-SW (Router) ＭＰＡ（＃1） Tx MBA(Domestic） Tx APAA Rx APAA Onboard Mission Equipment(draft) MBA:Multi-Beam Antenna, MPA:Multi-Port Amplifier

14. MBA Beam Arrangement (Domestic)(draft)

15. MBA & APAA Beam Arrangement(draft) A Japanese mainland and the neighborhood Southeast Asia region APAA beam（example） ※ Determination of beam arrangement for the Southeast Asia area is around April, 2002. Fixed beams for overseas : Shanghai, Beijing, Singapore, Hong Kong, Manila, Seoul, (tentative) Bangkok, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Bangalore

16. Rx/Tx Port MBA Beams for Asia Region(Tentative) Example Shanghai Beijing Singapore Selective (Selective from ground control)

17. Ground terminals(General) Tx Rx Satellite Bent-pipe ～１．２Gbps Bent-pipe ～６２２Mbps Hub station (5m) Hub station (5m) ～ １５５Mbps SDR-VSAT (2.4m) SDR-VSAT (2.4m) ATM cell relay ～ ５１Mbps １５５ Mbps １．５ ～ ６．１Mbps HDR-VSAT (1.2m) HDR-VSAT (1.2m) USAT (45cm) USAT (45cm)

18. Antenna Diameter (Tentative) Link Availability:Domestic 99.5%, Overseas 98% (m)

19. WINDS SystemHigh Speed Access with small earth terminal Existing Japanese satellite ＷＩＮＤＳ (For Domestic) Access Speed 600Mbps Antenna diameter Impossible 2m 2.4m 155Mbps 45cm 1m Bent-pipe 1.2m 1.5Mbps 45cm Key Technologies :　 ① High output multi-spot beam 　 ② Ka band frequency

20. WINDS SystemFlexibility against traffic demand ＷＩＮＤＳ Existing Japanese satellite Demand > supply in some regionDemand is not satisfied. Demand can be satisfied by changing satellite Tx distribution. Amount of traffic Amount of traffic supply demand supply demand Enable to carry out the optimum distribution of the satellite resource. Key Technologies :　 ① Multi-port amplifier ② High power output multi-spot beam

21. D/L：Output control of ＭＰＡ ・・・・ Input 1 Input 2 Input 8 8 ports of ＭＰＡ Beam 2 Beam 8 Beam 1 Rain Rain Attenuation Compensation（draft） U/L：Transmit power control at every earth station The amount of U/L 28GHz attenuation is presumed from the amount of attenuation of D/L 18GHz signal.

22. AA AABA BX BA BX A A B B C C CB BX CB BX A B c WINDS System : On-board switching technology (ATM) ＷＩＮＤＳ Existing Japanese satellite 1 2 3 1 2 3 Bent-pipe Onboard ATM Data distribution and a link connection can be controlled flexibly. Key Technology :　①On-board ATM exchange technology

23. WINDS System : Flexible beam pointing ＷＩＮＤＳ Existing Japanese satellite Even within beam coverage there is a limit in circuit speed. High-speed circuit can be set up between any arbitrary regions. Beam steer able area (use area) Scanning spot beam of the WINDS Key Technologies : ①Ka band frequency ②High-gain Adaptive Phased Array Antenna (APAA)

24. Quasi-zenith Satellite System

25. About ４５° Quasi-zenith Satellite System Quasi-zenith Geo-Stationary orbit 独立行政法人通信総合研究所（ＣＲＬ）殿資料より

26. Quasi-zenith Satellite System EL of Geo Sat EL > 80° 独立行政法人通信総合研究所（ＣＲＬ）殿資料より

27. Quasi-zenith Satellite System Hospital

28. Examples of i-Space Experiments

29. WINDS Contents Distribution 155Ｍbps Contents Request Information/Contents Distributor Home Server Satellite Multicasting Communications Experiment ●Direct Multicasting to mass family users ●Storing information in home server 　・Local information 　・Newspaper delivery 　・Net broadcasting 　・Electronic book 　・Multimedia educational material 　・Disaster information ●High security through high-data-rate multicasting and IPv6

30. Data Relay Test Satellite Real-time multicasting of several hundred mega bytes data Earth Observation Satellites WINDS Satellite Monitoring Airplane Monitoring Government Applications Monitor camera ・Real-time processor Autonomousbody Institute Ministries Landslide ・Database of disaster information Ground Monitoring flood Urban disaster Forest Fire Monitor camera Tidal wave Red water Glacier Information gathering from disaster area Providing disaster information Access to/from small station Information Network for Land Management and Disaster Monitoring

31. Pilot Experiments

32. Pilot Experiments • Precursor for ETS-VIII and WINDS • Selected 9 experiment themes • Commenced from early 2001 • Joint collaboration with external partners

33. Pilot Experiments list

34. IPv6 multicasting transmission experiment Transmission Facility Receiving Facilities Ku-band 3 Mbps Network Operation Center Multicasting Transmission 45cm Receiving Antenna Router IP v6 Satellite Receiver ×100 sets V4 Router V4 Router Contents Server IPv6 IPv4 Router

35. Communications Satellite Image and Voice Ka-band MPEG 2〜8Mbps Aircraft Antenna Camera CRLKashima Space Communications Center Fire Earthquake Ka-band real time image datatransmission from aircraft

36. Idea for collaboration with APAN

37. Status Domestic researchers are; • Making i-Space experiment concept • Planning to propose for the NASDA pilot experiments as a precursor for the i–Space experiment • Exploring possibility for collaboration with APAN activities

38. Requirements from academic researchers • Monitoring from field sites • ASIAFLUX monitoring, Ecosystem monitoring, Volcano monitoring, etc • Camera image, Observation data gathering • Remote-control of monitoring equipment, etc • Application for Remote sensing ground truth • Distribution of large volume data • Multicasting of MODIS (NASA/Terra, Aqua)data from data receiving station • Establishing joint research environment through networking for • Data access • Distributed database access • Remote discussions • Multi-points TV conference with multimedia tools

39. Asia Environment and Natural-Resources Information Network(tentative theme) Field Monitoring Remote-sensing data WINDS Researchers Forest Monitoring Establishing Monitoring Network for Environment and Natural Resources in Asia Agriculture Monitoring Data analysis, discussions Real-time simulation Global warming real-time simulation Ecosystem Monitoring Collaboration with universities, etc

40. Pilot Experiment Proposal 1― Field data gathering ― Overseas research field Domestic research field Cedar pollen monitor Field of FFPRI(Gunma) Field of NIES Jeju Island(KOREA), Jilin(China), Malaysia • Research data from various field is multicasting-distributed to research organizations. • Remote control and a maintenance of monitoring equipment Ecosystem monitor Research organization Field of FFPRI(Ogasawara) maintenance Forest monitor FFPRI NIES • Joint use of research data • Web server Field of NIES(Hokkaido)

41. Pilot Experiment Proposal 2― Multicasting earth observation data and Ground truth ― Comm., Sat. • Multicasting distribution of mass earth observation data Earth Observation Satellite Overseas (Southeast Asia) NARO field(Hokkaido) • Verification information from the field NARO field(Tsukuba) Verification information from the domestic field AIT Field Domestic Data-processing organization • MODIS image reception of the outskirts of Southeast Asia AIT • Kumamoto Data Receiving Station • MODIS image reception around Japan NARC NARO NASDA EORC • Web for the of processed data • Ground truth by field data

42. Candidate Site for access to WINDS Agriculture fields Field for remote-sensing ground truth Field of NARO(Hokkaido) NARO (Tsukuba) Forest fields Field of AIT AFFR Field of FFPRI (Ogasawara) (Gunma) FFPRI AIT NIES Overseas NOC Field of NIES (Hokkaido) Field of NIES Jeju Island(KOREA), Jilin(China), Malaysia NASDA Earth Observation Center Environment fields Communication unit for field

43. Features of satellite communications • Multiple Access Capability Efficient ground network strengthening is realized by assigning the satellite link to a required site, when needed. • Wide Coverage For dissolution of Digital Divide, International cooperation, etc • Multicast CapabilityMitigation of the load of ground NW by satellite multicasting • Immunity from Terrestrial Disaster Reservation of a lifeline （Foothold at the time of ground infrastructure fragmentation ） • Global Coverage

44. Abbreviations APAA: Adaptive Phased Array Antenna MBA : Multi-Beam Antenna MPA : Multi-Port Amplifier FFPRI: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute NIES : National Institute for Environmental Studies NARO: National Agriculture Research Organization NARC: National Agriculture Research Center AFFR: Computer Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research MAFF, JAPAN AIT : Asian Institute of Technology