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Exploring Common Alloys, Ceramics, and Advancements in Sports Materials

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This chapter delves into the characteristics and applications of various alloys and ceramics, comparing and contrasting their properties. Key alloys such as bronze, brass, and steel are discussed for their roles in everyday items. It also explores the differences between plastics and synthetic fibers, highlighting innovative materials like Kevlar. The chapter further examines composite materials used in construction and their implications in sports technology, questioning whether advancements enhance or detract from athletic performance.

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Exploring Common Alloys, Ceramics, and Advancements in Sports Materials

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  1. Chapter 14 Useful Materials

  2. Objectives • 14.1Identify common alloys and ceramics • 14.1 Compare and contrast alloys and ceramics. • 14.2 Compare and contrast plastics' and synthetic fibers • 14.2 Describe a composite

  3. Objectives • 14.3Compare and contrast the advantages of new materials used in sports with older materials • 14.3 Identify chemical elements and materials of technology used in sports • 14.3 Determine whether sports should alter rules about the use of technology

  4. Alloys • A mixture of a metal and one or more other elements • Can be another metal or non-metal • Alloys retain the properties common to metals, but is not a pure metal • In general, an alloy gives you benefits from both elements

  5. Common Alloys and their Uses • Bronze (Copper and Tin) • Jewelry, Marine Hardware • Brass (Copper and Zinc) • Hardware, Instruments • Sterling Silverware (Silver and Copper) • Tableware • Pewter (Tin, Copper, Antimony) • Tableware

  6. Common Alloys and their Uses • Solder (Tin and Lead) • Plumbing • Wrought Iron (Iron, Lead, Copper, Magnesium) • Fences, Porch Railings • Steel (Carbon and a bunch of others) • More on next slide

  7. Steel (Iron and Carbon) • All steel is composed mainly of iron and carbon, other elements are added to help depending on what you want • Name, Element, Property, Use • Manganese: Manganese: Very Hard: Armor Plating • Duiriron: Silicon: Acid Resistant: Pipes • Nickel: Nickel, Elastic and Corrosion Resistant: Gears • More on pg 391

  8. Gold Alloys • Gold is a very soft metal, but we like it. • Karat system is used to tell you how much gold and how much copper is used • Approximately every 1 karat equals 4% gold • 24 Karat = 100% gold • 12 Karat = 50% gold, 50% copper

  9. Mercury Alloys • Called Amalgams • Used mostly in dentistry

  10. Ceramics • Material made from dry clay or clay like mixtures • Very strong and stable chemical bonds • Used in your house for your mugs, tubs, toilets (porcelain) • Breaks and cracks, get a new one

  11. Glass • A special type of ceramic which has no regular crystal structure. • It is composed of mostly silicon and oxygen • Made from sand • Different types of glass, some are capable of handling drastic temperature changes, others not so much • Pyrex glass good for temperature changes

  12. Cermets • Ceramic metals which have properties of both ceramics and metals • Used for places where you need something tough, strong, and heat resistant • Gas turbines and rocket motors

  13. Plastic • Polymer based material that can be molded into a variety of shapes • Many different types (7 types of recycling)

  14. Polypropylene • Rope, Textiles • Protective clothes • Carpet

  15. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) • Rubber substitute • Tubing

  16. Teflon • Cooking non-stick • Called into question safety

  17. Nylon • Athletic turf, cord, netting, bristles, carpet, sutures, some clothing

  18. Synthetic Fiber • A strand of a polymer used in fabrics. • Kevlar is 5x stronger than steel, used for bullet proof vests • Plus you get flexibility

  19. Composite • Mixture of two materials • Reinforced concrete (steel bars) • Fiber glass

  20. Sports Continued discussion • Is technology ruining sports? • Do old records have a chance with new technology? • What should be allowed, what shouldn’t be? • What sports are most affected by changes in technology? How are they?

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