1. Chapter 7: Networks of Communication and Exchange 300 B.C.E.-600 B.C.E.

2. The Silk Road

3. What it was: It was a trade linking route connecting the Mediterranean with China Where goods such as food, manufactured products and ideas were traded. People were also brought on the trip to other countries such as musicians, merchants, monks, etc. It was considered to be a social system.

4. Originated: Started when trading demands from Ferghana and neighboring regions wanted the silk road from China and the Chinese wanted western products.

5. Impact of the Silk Road People started to move and live in trading cities Impacted foreign customs and beliefs Invention of the Stirrup Economic benefits.

6. The Indian Ocean Maritime System

7. What it was: A trade network that was connected from the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea, -Took places in 3 regions 1. South China Sea 2. East Coast of India to the islands of Southeast Asia 3.From the West Coast of India to the Persian Gulf and East coast of Africa. Traders and Merchants were the Persians, Arabs, Chinese and Malay

8. Impact New goods were exchanged Had a variety of high valued products -Africa: exotic animals, wood, ivory -India: Spices Women came and sometimes married men from different races creating bilingual and bicultural children. Impacted the lives of the Mariners to go on long ocean voyages because the of the high demands of products.

9. Routes across the Sahara

10. Trade across Sahara • Two local trade systems -Slowly developed • Traders in the north traded agricultural products and wild animals to Italy • Salt was exported to Sub-Saharan regions for kola nuts and palm oil.

11. Saharan Cultures • Saharan hunting culture was later joined by cattle breeders • Artwork -Indcated that camel riders came after charioteers -Painted on walls

12. Sub-Saharan Africa

13. Geography • Large geographical area with many diverse weather conditions • Significant areas in Africa -Sahel -Tropical Savanna -Tropical Rainforest -Temperate Highlands

14. The location was surrounded by rivers and rain forests which made it easier to trade because of their weather conditions. Weather conditions and the area led the citizens to having agricultural benefits such as copper, iron and caves. There was a lot of diversity because there were so many different people who lived there. -There were over 2,000 languages.

15. Spread of Ideas

16. An important custom was consuming pork which was spread by Maritime routes -In southeast Asia eating a pig was sometimes allowed only during ceremonies but in the places of the Indian Oceans eating pork was banned Practice of hammering a carved die onto a piece of precious metal

17. Buddhism & Christianity Buddhism did not depend on a single ethnic group to spread Buddhism was the spread by King Ashoka and Kaniska who used the Silk Road to bring Buddha’s teaching to southeast Asia.

18. Spread of Christianity • Invention of an Armenian alphabet in early 5th Century. • When the king of Aksum died the queen asked Frumentius to govern Askum and so he helped create Christian communities. • Spread into Nubia to Ethiopia and it made Ethiopia very powerful in the Indian Ocean Trading System.

19. Summary Silk Road, Indian Ocean Maritime System, Sub-Saharan Trade Trading was made a lot easier Led to new ideas Technology increase of food trading increase in culture Countries were expanding