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Melting Processes in Basaltic Magmas: Ridge vs. Hot Spot Dynamics

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This chapter explores the contrasting melting mechanisms in basaltic magmas, focusing on ridge melting versus hot spot melting. It delves into hydrous melting, melt percolation, and compaction processes at varying pressures. The composition of invariant melts and rare earth element (REE) partitioning are analyzed, particularly the role of olivine saturation. Additionally, the chapter discusses crystallization dynamics, using diagrams to predict crystallization temperatures and compositions of olivine. Insights from older experiments and isotope ratios of basalts from mid-ocean ridges (MORB) and Hawaii are also included.

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Melting Processes in Basaltic Magmas: Ridge vs. Hot Spot Dynamics

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  1. Chapter 5 Gautam Sen

  2. Ridge Melting

  3. Ridge vs. Hot spot melting

  4. HydrousMelting

  5. Melt percolation

  6. Compaction & melt accumulation

  7. Compaction height

  8. Di-An-Fo@ different pressures

  9. Composition of invariant melts at different pressures

  10. REEPartitioning

  11. Sm concentration in partial melt

  12. Olivine saturation surface One can use this diagram to predict the temperature and composition of olivine that would be the first phase to crystallize from mole fractions of FeO and MgO of basaltic liquids. The magma A will crystallize a Fo75 olivine at 1500˚C.

  13. Multisaturation

  14. Multisaturation

  15. Not multisaturated – Composition N Student needs To do this

  16. Basalt magma saturated with Ol, Opx, Cpx @ 1 GPa

  17. Older experiments by Stolper showing ol+cpx+opx saturated melts at different pressures

  18. Isotope ratios of basalts from MORB and Hawaii

  19. Primitive Upper Mantle normalized REE in Basalts from Hawaii & MOR

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