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Local Alabama Aquifer Water Quality Effects on Broiler Production and Processing

Local Alabama Aquifer Water Quality Effects on Broiler Production and Processing. J.B. Hess, J.P. Blake, S.F. Bilgili and K.S. Macklin Auburn Poultry Science Department. Broilers and Water Quality. Water Availability Drinking – Several g allons per bird Evaporative Cooling Water Quality

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Local Alabama Aquifer Water Quality Effects on Broiler Production and Processing

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  1. Local Alabama Aquifer Water Quality Effects on Broiler Production and Processing J.B. Hess, J.P. Blake, S.F. Bilgili and K.S. Macklin Auburn Poultry Science Department

  2. Broilers and Water Quality • Water Availability • Drinking – Several gallons per bird • Evaporative Cooling • Water Quality • Drinking – Bird Health • Intestinal • Processing – 4-8 gal/bird • 1 million birds/week

  3. Water Sources • Broiler Farms • Wells • Municipal • Processing Plants • Wells • Hatcheries • Municipal

  4. Hatcheries • Clean, Precise • Can’t Afford Issues • Evaporative Cooling • Humidity in Incubators • Sanitation - Chemicals • Vaccination – Live Organisms

  5. Poultry Industry • North Central • Cullman, Marshall, Blount • South East • Coffee, Dale, Barbour, Pike, Crenshaw • North West • Franklin, Winston • West Central/Central • Pickens, Greene, Hale, Tuscaloosa

  6. North Central Alabama • Primarily the Pottsville Aquifer • High Iron Levels • Stain Equipment • Cause Leaks – Wet litter • Footpad Health, Increased Bacteria, Increased ammonia • Processing – Iron Precipitates

  7. Well Water Calcium Levels PPM

  8. Well Water Iron Levels PPM

  9. Processing – Iron Precipitates • Water In Processing Plants • Iron Precipitates • Clog Filters • On final Product - Contamination • Remediation • Filtration – Constant Battle • Change pH of Water

  10. Southeast Alabama • Ripley, Nanfalia, Confining Units, Crystal River Aquifers • Sand • Iron • Sodium

  11. Well Water Sodium Levels PPM

  12. Excess Salt • Poultry – Narrow Range for Health • Too much in Feed – Drink More Water • Too Much in Water – Drink More Water • Compounds Problem • Nutritionist – Can adjust Feed Salt Level if Saline Water – But Only if All Customers are on the Same Aquifer

  13. Sodium and Litter Moisture Percent 0.15% 0.20% 0.25% 0.30%

  14. Sodium and Foot Pad Burns Percent 0.15% 0.20% 0.25% 0.30%

  15. Northwest Alabama • Tuscumbia-Fort Payne, Bangor Aquifers, Pottville as well • Hardness • Mechanical Problems • Farms, Process and Hatcheries • Calcium over 60 ppm • Scale Buildup

  16. West Central Alabama • Gordo and Eutaw Aquifers • Low pH • 5 – 7 • Biologically – This has some advantages • Equipment – Can eat metal causing leaks • Processing Sanitation Chemical – Basic pH • Sodium • High Sodium – Too much water Consumption • Wet litter

  17. West Central Analysis • 47% Under pH 6 • 3% Over pH 8 • Lowest – 4.9 • Equipment Life • Sodium • Most were 2 ppm • Highest 74 ppm

  18. Well Water Sodium Levels PPM

  19. Avg. Sodium Levels – Wells vs Municipal PPM

  20. Conclusion • Local Aquifer Water Quality is an Issue in Poultry Health • Local Aquifer Water Quality is an Issue in Mechanical Aspects of Hatcheries and Processing Plants • Examining Local Water Quality Will Allow Farmers to Predict What Mitigation May be Necessary

  21. Local Alabama Aquifer Water Quality Effects on Broiler Production and Processing J.B. Hess, J.P. Blake, S.F. Bilgili and K.S. Macklin Auburn Poultry Science Department

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