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Arms Race

Arms Race. Selina Baeza Taylor Spearman. Manhattan Project. First nuclear weapon was created during WWII and was used against Axis Powers. Two types of atomic bomb were developed Gun type fission weapon (uses uranium) Implosion type nuclear weapon. Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

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Arms Race

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  1. Arms Race Selina Baeza Taylor Spearman

  2. Manhattan Project • First nuclear weapon was created during WWII and was used against Axis Powers. • Two types of atomic bomb were developed • Gun type fission weapon (uses uranium) • Implosion type nuclear weapon

  3. Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Little Boy was dropped by the Enola Gay on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 (gun type weapon) • Blast estimated to be equivalent to 13 kilotons of TNT • 4.7 square miles destroyed • Fat Man was dropped by the Bochscar on Nagasaki three days later (plutonium-core weapon) • 21 kilotons of TNT • 44% of city destroyed

  4. Uranium • Immediately after WWII, the US had a monopoly on knowledge and materials for nuclear weapons. American leaders hoped that this exclusivity was enough to hinder the Soviet Union. • However, uranium sources were found in Eastern Europe, providing the USSR with a steady supply. • In 1949 USSR detonated their first bomb named Joe One, an almost exact copy of Fat Man.

  5. H-Bomb/ Deployable Thermonuclear Device • The governments spent massive amounts of money to increase nuclear arsenal. • Both countries worked frantically to produce the first hydrogen bomb. • The US detonated the first H-Bomb in November 1952. • The Soviets exploded a thermonuclear device in August 1955.

  6. ICBMs • Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles • The most important development in terms of delivery in the 1950s. • Missiles delivered bombs instead of bomber aircrafts.

  7. Sputnik • October 1957: Soviet Union launched the first satellite, Sputnik. • The US launched their own satellite in 1959. • The Space Race displayed the technology available for the delivery of nuclear weapons while maintaining the appearance of exploration and science.

  8. Mutual Assured Destruction • At the end of the Kennedy Administration, both the US and the USSR admitted their vulnerability because of nuclear equality; one country couldn’t attack the other because they knew they would be attacked in return. • Whoever shoots first, dies second. • In the Reagan administration, MAD became Mutually Assured Security (MAS)

  9. Détente • Economic problems led to arms control agreements beginning in the 1970s. This period of time, known as détente, allowed a reduction in spending. • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I and II) limited the size of arsenals allowed. • Partial Test Ban Treaty banned nuclear testing, anti-ballistic missile systems, and weapons in space all in an attempt to limit the arms race.

  10. Post-Cold War • As the Cold War warmed up, the U.S. and Russia began to cut down on spending; fewer weapons were produced. • Large amount of resources and money which was spent on developing weapons was spent on repairing the environmental damage produced by the nuclear arms race. • All major production sites are now major clean-up sites.

  11. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOc109etOgE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOc109etOgE

  12. Questions • What’s the purpose of ICBMs? • What is Sputnik? • What is the significance of MAS? • What was détente? • What three things happened after the Cold War?

  13. Works Cited • Rhodes, Richard. "The Soviet Response | Cold War: A Brief History | History of the Atomic Age | atomicarchive.com." atomicarchive.com: Exploring the History, Science, and Consequences of the Atomic Bomb. N.p., 19 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. <http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/coldwar/page07.shtml> • Hu, Irene, and Lica Awaki. "Turning Points in the Cold War: Sputnik and Apollo 11." Angelfire: Welcome to Angelfire. N.p., 19 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. <http://www.angelfire.com/stars/lunareclipse/> • Laqueur, Walter. "After the Cold War." America - Engaging the World - America.gov. N.p., 1 Apr. 2006. Web. 18 Apr. 2011. <http://www.america.gov/st/peacesecenglish/2006/April/20080522121256WRybakcuH8.543032e-02.html> • "ICBM." United States History. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Apr. 2011. <http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1955.html>

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