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Chapter 2 Native Texans. Chapter Notes. Prehistoric Cultures Chapter 2 Section 1. Create a foldable with three flaps. The title of the foldable is: Prehistoric Cultures Chapter 2 Section 1 Here are the titles for each flap: Paleolithic Era Archaic Era Late Prehistoric Era
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Chapter 2Native Texans Chapter Notes
Prehistoric Cultures Chapter 2 Section 1 • Create a foldable with three flaps. The title of the foldable is: Prehistoric Cultures Chapter 2 Section 1 • Here are the titles for each flap: • Paleolithic Era • Archaic Era • Late Prehistoric Era • Look on pages 30-31 and list the following things about each era: The year of the era, what type of weapons were used, and what type of food they ate.
Chapter 2 Section 1 Vocabulary • hunter-gatherers- People who lived by finding wild plants and animals. • prehistory- The time before written records. • Archaeologist- People who study the past by looking at artifacts. • artifacts- Objects that people left behind. • pictographs- Pictures painted on rock. • petroglyphs- Pictures carved on rock. • pemmican- A mixture of meat with nuts and berries. • atlatl- A hand-held spear thrower.
Between 30,000 B.C. and 12,000 B.C. • Early humans crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Asia to Alaska.
They talk quietly as they pick wild berries. The group of men, women, and children number fewer than 20. They have been here only a few days. Like their parents and grandparents, they have spent their lives wandering and living off the land. Because they are on foot, their only possessions are what they can carry. They follow the seasons and the ripening of the wild plants they eat. One day, people will call their descendants Indians. People will call this land Texas.
Paleolithic Era(11,000 B.C.-6,000B.C.) • Native Americans used spears to hunt large slower animals. • Theysaved the meat by mixing it with nuts and berries. • Climate change made the large animals disappear.
Archaic Era(6,000B.C.-A.D.700) • Native Americans used an atlatl (hand-held spear thrower) to hunt smaller, faster animals. • They gathered nuts and fruit. • Some fished. • Some settled in villages and farmed.
Late Prehistoric EraA.D. 700-1500s) • Native Americans in East and West Texas farmed • Those on the plains hunted buffalo, using bows and arrows.
Chapter 2 Section 1 Quiz • 1. In this era, Native Americans used an atlatl in order to catch smaller, faster animals. • 2. These are objects that people left behind. • 3. In this era, Native Americans used bows and arrows to hunt buffalo. • 4. In this era, a climate change made large animals disappear. • 5. These are carvings on the wall.
The Southeastern People Chapter 2 Section 2 band- Two or more extended families under one leader. extended families- Parents, children, and parents’ grand-children living together. tribe- Several bands that follow the same leader. confederacies- Alliances of people who unite for a common purpose. tipis- A cone-shaped tent made with poles and animal skin.
Organization Confederacies Most advanced Lived in villages and farmed First lived in the Piney Woods of East Texas. Daily Life Men worked with women Deerskin clothing Buffalo skin in winter traded pottery and hunting bows for shells. Caddo People
Atakapan People Daily Life • The Bidais built permanent houses and grew corn • Hunting was more important to the Akokisas because the land was swampy and bad for farming • Fished from canoes made out of hollowed out logs
The Wichita Peoples • They lived along the Red River and later moved to Kansas. • For protection, they joined the Tawakonis, Wacos, and Wichitas. • They were shorter and darker than other Indian groups. • They were farmers who ate corn, squash, beans, melons, and plum trees. • In winter, they lived in Tipis and hunted for food.
Chapter 2 Section 2 Quiz • A family that consists of parents, children, and parents’ grand-children. • A cone-shaped tent made with poles covered with animal skin. • This group lived in the Piney Woods of East Texas. • This group joined three other tribes for protection.
Chapter 2 Section 3 Vocabulary • hereditary- Passed down from parent to child. • nomads- People who wander from place to place for food. • allies- People who help each other to benefit them both.
The Tonkawas • Lived in the Edwards Plateau west of Austin and San Antonio. • They were pushed east by Comanches and Apaches. • They were hunters (buffalo) and gatherers.
The Apaches • Two groups of Apaches lived in Texas. • Mescaleros Apaches lived in West Texas as hunters (buffalo) and gatherers. • Lipan Apaches lived in the panhandle hunting buffalo and deer. In winter, women grew crops of beans, corn, pumpkins, and watermelon. • They were among the first Indian group to ride horses. • Name Apache came from a Zuni word apachu (enemy)
The Comanches • They first lived in Wyoming and later appeared in the Texas Panhandle in the 1700s. • They were skilled hunters, riders, and fighters. • At least 13 bands of Comanches roamed the Texas Plains. • They lived in tipis and hunted the buffalo.
The Comanches • Quanah Parker, famous Comanche chief was the son of Comanche Chief Peta Nocona and Cynthia Ann Parker, a white girl taken captive during 1836 • Cynthia Ann Parker was recaptured, along with her daughter • She had spent 24 years among the Comanche, however, and thus never readjusted to living with the whites again
The Kiowas • Lived in north Texas (Panhandle) • They were enemies with the Comanches but became allies. • They were nomads who hunted buffalo, rode horses, and lived in tipis.
Chapter 2 Section 3 Quiz. • 1. This tribe was forced into eastern Texas by the Comanches and Tonkawas. • 2. This tribe was given a Zuni word that meant enemy. • 3. These are people who wander place to place in search of food. • 4. This is when people help each other to benefit them both. • 5. This tribe had a celebration called the Sun Dance.
Chapter 2 Section 4 Vocabulary • pueblo- Large Native American homes made of adobe. • adobe- A mixture of wet clay and straw that is made into bricks and dried in the sun. • kiva- A large room used for meetings and religious ceremonies.
Jumanos • Settled near the Pecos River and Rio Grande River. • They lived in adobe pueblos. • Men farmed even thought this area had little water. • They grew corn, beans, and squash. • They were forced to move by the Apaches in late 1600s.
Conchos • Lived in the southeastern part of Texas (Presidio). The rest lived in Mexico. • They lived in huts covered with grass or animal skins. • Women farmed and gathered food while the men hunted and fished. • Joined the Jumanos in a revolt against the Spanish.
Tiguas • Settled in Ysleta, near modern day El Paso. • They lived in adobe pueblos. • Men farmed and hunted while women helped with the farming. • Built a structure called a kiva for religious purposes. • They later blended Catholicism with their own religion.
