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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. Write down as many things that come to mind when you think of the word: Exploration. Unit 1. The Age of Exploration. Unit 1 Key Terms. cartography caravel compass astrolabe mercantilism favorable balance of trade capitalism middle class market economy isolationism

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer Write down as many things that come to mind when you think of the word: Exploration

  2. Unit 1 The Age of Exploration

  3. Unit 1 Key Terms • cartography • caravel • compass • astrolabe • mercantilism • favorable balance of trade • capitalism • middle class • market economy • isolationism • plantation system • indentured servants • trading post • viceroys • settler colony

  4. After the quiz • Read the following in your workbook: • p. 21-25 • p. 29-33 • p. 37-39 • p. 43-45 • Also answer the following in your workbook (this will be next week’s homework) • p. 26-27 #1-4 • p. 34 #1-4 • p. 40-41 #1-5 • p. 46 #1-4 • Unit 1 Test is NEXT FRIDAY 9/6

  5. Essential Question Where and why did Europeans start exploring unknown oceans and seas?

  6. When and why did ocean exploration begin? • The Age of Exploration began in the late 1400s. • Trade lured Europeans into the unknown oceans and seas.

  7. Why not travel by land? • Europeans wanted to trade with Asian countries, like China. • However, they had to find a way to get around the Ottoman and Italian merchants who controlled the trade routes. • Answer = Find an all water route to Asia.

  8. What nations were competing for empires? England France Portugal Spain The Netherlands • All sent out explorers in hopes of building an empire for their nation.

  9. Where did these mother countries establish colonies.

  10. Essential Question Where and why did Europeans start exploring unknown oceans and seas?

  11. Essential Question How did new technologies affect various parts of the world?

  12. How did explorers navigate at sea? • Many tools to navigate came about through trade. COMPASS ASTROLABE • Used a magnetized needle to determine direction (magnetic north) • Used the sun and stars to determine latitude (helped determine location)

  13. How did navigation improve maps? Mapmakers CARTOGRAPHERS • Used new data to create better maps

  14. What were their ships like? • Design features: • Triangular sails • Moveable rudder • Small square sails • Equipped with rifles and cannons • Lightweight CARAVELS European sailing vessels

  15. How powerful were the explorers? Chemical mixture that exploded when lit GUNPOWDER • A Chinese invention • Brought to Europe during the Crusades • Fire power used in conquest….. Soon conquest would go hand in hand with exploration

  16. Essential Question How did new technologies affect various parts of the world?

  17. Essential Question What types of colonies, settlements and outposts did the European mother countries use around the world?

  18. Trading Post Plantations Settlement Colony • Created mainly in the New World to produce cash crops. • Used indentured servants, Native American and African slave labor. • Created mainly in the New World . • Large number of people would move from the mother country to permanently live in an area. • Established for financial and religious reasons. • Created all over the world by every mother country. • Established for the purpose of trade.

  19. Essential Question How did the different European nations colonize the New World?

  20. Why build colonies? Colonies meant… • Gold(Wealth) • God(Spreading religion) • Glory(Power and pride) • Geography(Land) No nation wanted to be without colonies!

  21. France and the Netherlands TRADING POST • Both: Plantations in the Caribbean • Both: Trading Posts in the New World • Both: Did not enslave natives • Both: Enslaved Africans • Both: Ruled their colonies loosely allowing them to make many decisions on their own. • France: Did use some indentured servants but not as much as England • Dutch: Did not use indentured servants Nickname of the French Empire “ The Empire of Fish and Furs”

  22. How did France treat the natives? • The Natives got along with the French better than other Europeans FRANCE • Natives were allies with the French • Fought on the same side in the French and Indian War • Fought against the British • To keep the British from taking their lands • The French lived among the Natives and they respected each others’ language and way of life

  23. Spain and Portugal • Both: Started Trading Posts for the exchange of gold and silver. • Both: Turned to Plantations for the raising of cash crops • In the Caribbean and Amazon region • Sugar cane • Harsh treatment and European diseases, like smallpox and measles, claimed the lives of many native workers • Turned to enslaved Africans for labor • Both: Were cruel to the native populations • Both: Spread their Catholic Faith PLANTATION COLONY Large estates established to produce CASH CROPS Products grown in order to make a profit

  24. How did Spain and Portugal run their colonies? • They were strict! • Absolute (monarchy) rule • Viceroys (royal representatives) were sent by the monarch (king/queen) to rule the colonies. SPAIN Conquistador: Conqueror

  25. Used all three types of colonies/settlements • Jamestown: Started as a trading post and then became a settlement colony • Pilgrims started a settlement colony for religious purposes • Plantations: Cash crops included tobacco, rice, indigo, and sugar cane • Used two different types of labor (no natives) – pushed natives off their land, wanted nothing to do with them • Indentured Servants • Redemptioners: signed a contract to work for a set number of years • Criminals (25%): Were sent to places like Georgia to pay off their debt to society. After the American Revolution, England sent their criminals to Australia • African Slave Labor • Ruled their colonies more loosely by allowing them to have representative governments ENGLAND INDENTURED SERVANTS

  26. French English TREATMENTOFNATIVEAMERICANS Spanish

  27. Essential Question How did the different European nations colonize the New World?

  28. Essential Question What impact did European exploration and colonization have on Africa and Asia?

  29. Why did Europeans need labor? European colonies needed labor… and lots of it…. if they were to survive.

  30. Who were indentured servants? • European workers in the colonies were known as INDENTURED SERVANTS. They would sign a contract to work for a set number of years in order to pay off their trip. • Not nearly enough people signed up!

  31. How did the African slave trade begin? • As native slavery and indentured servitude began to fail, Europeans looked to use African slaves as a labor source. • They were obtained from trading posts along the African coasts • This started the ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE The capture and transport of Africans into bondage in the Americas

  32. How did Africans help the slave trade? • An active slave trade already existed within Africa. • Africans were capturing other Africans. • African governments were selling off criminals, debtors, and prisoners of war as slaves. • European need for slaves led to more tribal warfare and African societies suffering as families and communities were separated.

  33. Was there resistance? • Some African leaders resisted other African and European slave traders. • In the Americas, enslaved Africans escaped and formed runaway communities. • There were cases where enslaved Africans led revolts aboard slave ships such as the Amistad and the Creole.

  34. What was triangular trade? • From 1600 – 1800 – The trade of enslaved Africans became part of what was called TRIANGULAR TRADE • Each route formed the leg of a geographic triangle

  35. What was the Middle Passage? • Thousands of Africans died on the MIDDLE PASSAGE before ever reaching the Americas • The middle leg of Triangular Trade

  36. TRIANGULAR TRADE Items: To: 3 To: Items: To: 1 2 Items:

  37. How was Africa affected by trade? • Robbed West African societies of their population • Increased warfare among Africans • Gave rise to RACISM People falsely believing their race is superior to others

  38. Bellringer 9/4/13 • In your textbook, use the maps on each page to answer the following questions: • p. 662 1-2 • p. 667 1-2 • p. 668 1-2

  39. Europeans in Asia • Asia was very different than the New World • prior to the Age of Exploration, many Asian countries practiced isolationism • civilizations were highly advanced and prosperous • relatively modern societies with strong militaries • as a result, Asian countries and Europeans were trading “equals” – trade was mutually beneficial

  40. Europeans in Asia • Europeans were allowed to build trading posts only along the coasts and in port cities in Asia • not allowed to build settler colonies in China or Japan • even still, Asians began to depend on trade with Europeans and saw their lives changed • developed a new merchant class with close ties to Europeans • Christian missionaries began to travel with traders • led to a return to isolationism

  41. What was isolationism? • Japan and China both had the power to impose ISOLATIONISM. The policy of turning inward from the world • Goal of isolationism = keep out other cultures

  42. Where did Europeans trade? • Europeans had better success setting up trading outposts on the islands southeast of Asia. • The “Spice Islands” became part of the Portugal’s trading post empire. • Later, the Dutch would take over the spice trade and control these outposts (would be known as the Dutch East Indies).

  43. How was Spain involved in Asia? • Spain wanted a foothold in Asia. • Spain founded a colony in the Philippines. • They did not find spices. • They did find fertile soil and an excellent location for trade.

  44. Essential Question What impact did European exploration and colonization have on Africa and Asia?

  45. Essential Question What was the goal of mercantilism?

  46. What was mercantilism? MERCANTILISM Economic theory of how a nation can become wealthy Money Power = Goal: Build up as much wealth as you can!!!

  47. How To Make A Rich and Powerful NationStep #1 EXPORT more than IMPORT What you sell to other countries What you buy from other countries Goal: Have more exports than imports = FAVORABLEBALANCE OF TRADE

  48. How To Make A Rich and Powerful NationStep #2 Build Colonies • Colonies provide: • Easy access to cash crops • Places to sell items made in your country

  49. How To Make A Rich and Powerful NationStep #3 High TARIFFS taxes on imports Problem: people are buying goods from other countries Solution: Charge them more money to buy foreign goods

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