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EARTH SCIENCE CHAPTER 7

EARTH SCIENCE CHAPTER 7. WEATHERING EROSION SOIL FORMATION. Appalachians Today. Appalachians 400 mya. 7.1 Weathering. What is it? 2 types. Cleopatra's Needle. before. after. Mechanical (physical)—rocks are broken down into smaller pieces Gravity— Temperature— Ex: frost wedging

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EARTH SCIENCE CHAPTER 7

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  1. EARTH SCIENCE CHAPTER 7 WEATHERING EROSION SOIL FORMATION

  2. Appalachians Today

  3. Appalachians 400 mya

  4. 7.1 Weathering • What is it? • 2 types

  5. Cleopatra's Needle before after

  6. Mechanical (physical)—rocks are broken down into smaller pieces • Gravity— • Temperature— Ex: frost wedging • Pressure-- Ex: exfoliation

  7. Why do bridges have expansions joints?

  8. Potholes!

  9. Exfoliation of granite

  10. Gravity = rockslide

  11. Old Man in the Mountain Before…..

  12. ….after

  13. Review Definitions: • Weathering—rocks at Earth’s surface are broken down and changed • Erosion— • Deposition— • SO? All of these processes have been going on since Earth began!

  14. Why is the Statue Of Liberty Green?

  15. Chemical weathering— • Hydrolysis— • EX: decomposition of silicates • Oxidation— • EX: rust • Carbonic acid— Karst Topography

  16. Acid rain—pH of rain < 5.6 neutral acidic basic

  17. Acid rain

  18. What can affect rates of weathering? • Climate— • Chemical— • Mechanical— • Type of rock— • Surface area— • Topography—erosion in areas of high relief (steep) w/ deposition in areas of low relief (flat)

  19. Physical weathering in cool Dry climate

  20. Chemical weathering In warm and wet climate

  21. How does surface area Affect weathering?

  22. 7.2 Erosion and Deposition

  23. Agents of erosion • Gravity— • Running water— • Rivers, streams, water falls • Glaciers— • Wind— • Plants and animals (biological)—

  24. GRAVITY EROSION

  25. RUNNING WATER EROSION

  26. GLACIAL EROSION WIND EROSION PLANT EROSION

  27. Biological erosion

  28. Rill Erosion

  29. Gully erosion

  30. 1930’S DUST BOWL CAUSED BY EROSION OF TOPSOIL DUE TO EXTENSIVE OVERFARMING AND DROUGHT

  31. A word about beaches…. • Ocean waves are constantly rebuilding and shaping coastlines • Sandbars can become barrier islands but they are not permanent! • Barrier islands threatened by hurricanes and beach erosion and rising sea levels

  32. Barrier islands

  33. Hurricane Sandy before and after

  34. Soil formation • What is soil? • Loose • Formed by chemical, mechanical and biological activity over very long periods of time • Humus—

  35. Soil Texture: • Sand— • Silt— • Clay— SO? The texture of a soil affects its capacity to

  36. Soil profile • A vertical sequence of soil layers • Residual soil— • Transported soil—

  37. VA soil profiles

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