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EARTH SCIENCE CHAPTER 17

EARTH SCIENCE CHAPTER 17. GLACIERS. GLACIERS.  Chapter 17 GLACIERS I. What is a Glacier? Mass of moving ice responsible for the most powerful agents of erosion  Types of Glaciers   Valley (alpine) Continental (Greenland, Antarctica)   (Ice sheet). TYPES OF GLACIERS.

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EARTH SCIENCE CHAPTER 17

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  1. EARTH SCIENCE CHAPTER 17 GLACIERS

  2. GLACIERS •  Chapter 17 GLACIERS • I. What is a Glacier? • Mass of moving ice responsible for the most powerful agents of erosion  • Types of Glaciers •   Valley (alpine) Continental (Greenland, Antarctica)   (Ice sheet)

  3. TYPES OF GLACIERS • B. Valley glaciers (Alpine glaciers) • Long, slow moving stream of ice originating in the mountains. • C.Ice sheets (Continental Glaciers) • Originating at the poles and expanding in all directions • Larger than valley or alpine glaciers. FACT: ANTARCTICA HAS THE LARGEST CONTINENTAL ICE SHEET IN THE WORLD, 1 AND A HALF TIMES THE SIZE OF THE U.S. AND IN SOME PLACES 4,000 METERS DEEP FACT: IF GREENLAND AND ANTARCTICA ICE SHEETS WHERE TO MELT THE SEA LEVEL WOULD RISE TO 80 METERS!

  4. SNOW LINE • The Snow line •  A.Definition • Where permanent snow occurs. More is produced than melts • B.Snowline versus latitude • Lower at greater latitudes

  5. BIRTH • Birth of a Glacier •   A.Process • 1.Firn (see Fig 11-4 on p. 174) • Recrystalization of snow into rough grains • 2. Snow to Firn to Glacial Ice

  6. ALPINE GLACIERS •  Topic 5 Where Valley Glaciers Occur (Alpine Glaciers) •   A.Locations • Where mountains have elevations above snow line.

  7. CONTINENTAL GLACIERS • Where Ice Sheets (Continental Glaciers) Occur • A.Location • Where snow line is close to sea level • B.Ice caps • Small ones (Iceland and Islands in Arctic Ocean) • C.Continental glaciers • Antarctic glacier (5 km thick and 1.5 m below sea level) • Greenland

  8. MOVEMENT • II.Glacier Movement • Topic 7 How Glaciers Move •   A.Process of movement • 1. Gravity • 2. Pressure (Peer) • B.Speed •   1.Movement • From a few cm to 3000 cm /day • Faster in the middle.

  9. Movement • Basal Slip • Internal Plastic Flow

  10. HOW FAR? • How Far Glaciers Move • A.Ice fronts - Where they end (can be below snow line) •   1.Factors determining • Where ice melts as fast as it moves

  11. CREVASSES Crevasses: Large Cracks in the glacier Can be up to 60 meters deep

  12. ICEBERG http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/man-vs-wild-alaska-icebergs.html

  13. CALVING • B.Calving • 1.Process • When glaciers hit sea, blocks break off •   2.Icebergs • What you get •   3.Ice shelves • Occur over water where ice hasn’t broken off yet

  14. EROSIONAL FEATURES 1.Striations 2.   Hanging Valleys 3.Cirque 4.Arête 5.Horns 6. Glacial Trough

  15. Glacial Erosion • Striations- marks in bedrock due to the grinding of sediment under the glacier.

  16. Cirque • Semi-circular (bowl shaped) basins at beginning of valley • Beginning of a glacier

  17. CIRQUE

  18. HORN • Pyramid like peak resulting from several ajoining aretes and cirques

  19. Arete • A sharp jagged ridge that forms between cirques

  20. ARETE

  21. Arete

  22. Glacial Trough • U shaped valley carved out by a glacier

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