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the Czech Republic history

prosinec 2013 VY_32_INOVACE_AGJ_140302. the Czech Republic history. Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Soňa Quisová. Střední škola hotelnictví a služeb a Vyšší odborná škola, Opava, příspěvková organizace.

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the Czech Republic history

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  1. prosinec 2013 VY_32_INOVACE_AGJ_140302 theCzech Republichistory Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Soňa Quisová. Střední škola hotelnictví a služeb a Vyšší odborná škola, Opava, příspěvková organizace. Materiál byl vytvořen v rámci projektu OP VK 1.5 – EU peníze středním školám, registrační číslo CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0879.

  2. The very beginnings • in the 9th century – the early mighty feudal Great Moravian Empire was formed • the power was taken over by the Czech tribe headed by the Přemyslid dynastywith the prince Bořivoj I • the Czech Republic has a long history • the territory has been inhabited by Slavonic tribes since the 5th century • the first state was called the Samo´s Empire (founded in 653)

  3. obr. 1 Great Moravian Empire and its greatest extent under the reign of Svatopluk I, it covered an area of many current states such as the Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary, partly Croatia, Poland and Germany Bořivoj I – the first documented emperor, died in his thirties obr. 2

  4. in 1306 the Přemyslid dynasty died out • the Czech throne went to the Luxemburgs • the Czech Kingdom became the centreof the Holy Roman Empire, mainly during the reign of Charles IV and his sonWenceslas IV obr. 3 the tomb of Johnof Luxemburg, the 10th Bohemian king, who got blind during his life

  5. Charles IV • the king and emperor • a very intelligent and educated man • Prague became one of the largest European metropolises of that era,it was a significant centreof art, education and architectureduring his reign • the founder of Charles University (1348) • the constructions of Karlštejn and Charles Bridge were also started obr. 4

  6. The Hussite Movement • the first part of the 15th century is marked by the Hussite Movement(1419-37) • it is named after Jan Hus–a professor, a dean and later a rector of Charles University • he was tried by the Church Council in Constance and burnt as a heretic in 1415 • the leading representatives were Jan Žižka and Prokop Holý Jan Hus obr. 5 painting of Jan Hus in Council of Constance obr. 6

  7. Rudolf II – supported the arts, science and culture, he believedin astrology and alchemy, Prague became an important centre during his reign • after the reign of King Jiří of Poděbradyand after the period of the Jagiellonian dynasty on the Czech throne, there came the period of the Habsburg dynasty (1526 -1918) • the Czech nation was oppressed in favourof the Germans and the Roman Catholic Church obr. 7

  8. the battle on White Mountain (1620)started a period when the Czech statehood, language and national life suffered • there were great attempts to suppress it, everything was Germanized obr. 8 the picture of the Battleon the White Mountainin 1620

  9. National Revival • the 19th century brought a time of national revival • learned people tried to revive Czech language, literature and theatre • among the Czech revivalist are J.Jungman, F.Palacký, J.K.Tyl,K.J.Erben, B. Němcová,J.E.Purkyně and manyothers obr. 9 obr. 10 obr. 11 obr. 12 obr. 14 obr. 13

  10. The Czechoslovak Republic • after the end of the WW I the Czech nation regained the stability again and the Czechoslovak Republic was established • the first Czech president was elected – it was Tomáš G. Masaryk obr. 15 the First Republic is the name of the Czechoslovak Republic since its establishment until the Munich Treaty signedin 1938

  11. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk • a stateman, politician, philosopher and pedagogue • became the first Czech Presidentin 1918 • elected four times • was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize • the nickname: the papa Masaryk obr. 16

  12. The Second World War (1939-1945) • the Czechoslovak politicians were made to accept the Munich Treaty which was the end of the First Republic • the German occupation began • the so-called Bohemian and Moravian Protectorate was declared • Slovakia declares the independence • 1942 – bomb attack on Heydrich, the Czech village Lidice was burnt down as a revenge • the WW II ended in 1945, May 8 the occupation of Brno by the German troops obr. 17 obr. 18 memorial to the children of Lidice taken to the concentration camp afterLidice was burnt down by Germans

  13. The Communists regime • the power was taken over by the communists directed by the Soviet Unionin 1948 • the year 1968 is marked by the invasion of the Soviet Army which suppressed the Prague Spring (the period of political relief ) • Jan Palach and Jan Zajíc burnt themselves in protest against the normalizationin 1969 Palach and Zajíc Memorial in Prague, in the middle the picture of M. Horákovásentenced to death during the communists political trials obr. 19

  14. 1969-1989 • during the following two decades, the ideologically troublesome people were removed and destroyed • the so-called Charter 77 was formed – an initiative referring to the denialof human and citizen rights in the ČSSR obr. 20 a plaque of Jan Patočka, the speaker of Charter 77, professor, campaigner, died during an exhausting examination by StB– the so-called State Police

  15. The Velvet Revolution • is the era of changes between the 17th November and 29th December 1989 that led to the fall of the communists regime and the beginningof a democratic state • it´s called „velvet“ for its non-violent character (except the events of the 17th November when the protesting students were attacked by StB obr. 21 Wenceslas Square during the Velvet Revolution

  16. Václav Havel (1936–2011) • a playwright, essayist, critic of the communist regime, politician, and the 9th president of the Czechoslovak Republic • arrested and sentenced for his opinions • the co-founder of Charter 77 and later, after the fall of communist regime, also of Občanské fórum • the first post-communist president • nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize • elected the president three times altogether • died in 2011 obr. 22

  17. since the 1990s • 1993 – Czechoslovakia split into the Czech and Slovak Republics • 1997 – the Czech-German Declaration was signed– the aim was to make the relationship between these to states better • 1999, March 12 – the country joined NATO • 2004, May 1 – joined the European Union obr. 23

  18. POUŽITÁ LITERATURA • CHUDÁ, Jana, Chudý, Tomáš. .Topics for English conversation. Havlíčkův Brod.Fragment, 1996. ISBN 80-7200-051-9.

  19. CITACE ZDROJŮ • obr. 1: autor. File:Great moravia svatopluk datailed.png- Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Great_moravia_svatopluk_datailed.png?uselang=cs • obr. 2: Anonymous. File:Bořivoj.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2011 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bo%C5%99ivoj.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 3: Cheverny. File:Hrob krále Jana Lucemburského.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2009 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hrob_kr%C3%A1le_Jana_Lucembursk%C3%A9ho.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 4: Wurmser, Mikuláš.. File:Charles IV.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2010 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_IV.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 5: File:Jan hus 1.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006[cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_hus_1.jpg • obr. 6: Brožík, Václav. File:Jan Hus-Council of Constance.jpg – Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Hus-Council_of_Constance.jpg • obr. 7: Aachen von, Hans. File:Hans von Aachen 003.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2013-12-012]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hans_von_Aachen_003.jpg • obr. 8: Snayers, Pieter. File:Schlacht am Weißen Berg C-K 063.jpg- Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schlacht_am_Wei%C3%9Fen_Berg_C-K_063.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 9: File:Josef Jungmann CT.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2007 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Josef_Jungmann_CT.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 10: Dauthage, Adolf. File:PalackyLitho.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2009 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PalackyLitho.jpg • obr. 11: Vilímek, Jan. File:Jan Vilímek - Josef Kajetán Tyl.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2009 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_-_Josef_Kajet%C3%A1n_Tyl.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 12: Karel.K. File:Karel Jaromír Erben.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2010 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karel_Jarom%C3%ADr_Erben.jpg

  20. CITACE ZDROJŮ • obr. 13: File:Bozena Nemcova.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bozena_Nemcova.jpg • obr. 14: Šjv.Fr. - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2013-12-012]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commonsz: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hans_von_Aachen_003.jpg • obr. 15: ALFIE983. File:Republika československá.jpg – Wikimedia Commons. In: [online]. 2009. vyd. [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Republika_%C4%8Deskoslovensk%C3%A1.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 16: MIRACETI. File:Thomas G Masaryk.jpg – Wikimedia Commons. In: [online]. 2010. vyd. [cit. 2013-12-12].Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_G_Masaryk.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 17: Podzemnik. File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2004-0813-500, Deutsche Truppen in Brünn.jpg- Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2009 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commonsz: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0813-500,_Deutsche_Truppen_in_Br%C3%BCnn.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 18: Ritter, Michal. File:Památník Lidice , památník věnovaný obětovným dětem 03.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2011 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pam%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk_Lidice_,_pam%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk_v%C4%9Bnovan%C3%BD_ob%C4%9Btovn%C3%BDm_d%C4%9Btem_03.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 19: High Contrast. File:Jan Palach and Jan Zajic RIP.JPG - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2010 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Palach_and_Jan_Zajic_RIP.JPG?uselang=cs • obr. 20: Sedlecký, David. File:Patočkova ulice.jpg- Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2011 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pato%C4%8Dkova_ulice.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 21: Šjů. File:Praha 1989, Václavské náměstí, dav.jpg - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2011 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Praha_1989,_V%C3%A1clavsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD,_dav.jpg?uselang=cs

  21. CITACE ZDROJŮ • obr. 22: Sláma, Ondřej. File:Václav Havel cut out.jpg- Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2009 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:V%C3%A1clav_Havel_cut_out.jpg?uselang=cs • obr. 23: Aktron. File:Mníšek pod Brdy, zámek, vlajky ČR a EU.JPG - Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2009 [cit. 2013-12-12]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mn%C3%AD%C5%A1ek_pod_Brdy,_z%C3%A1mek,_vlajky_%C4%8CR_a_EU.JPG?uselang=cs

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