Stand Alone Instructional Resource Created by Meltem Akbulut Yildirmis

1. Paraphrasing or Summarizing Stand Alone Instructional Resource Created by Meltem Akbulut Yildirmis Students, please click here to get started. Teachers, please click here to get more information about this StAIR.

2. Purpose This is an interactive lesson designed to help students practice for paraphrasing, summarizing, and differentiating between paraphrasing and summarizing effectively.

3. Objectives • Students will be able to effectively paraphrase sentences and texts by using their own lexical resources • Students will be able to effectively summarize texts of their level by extracting the main ideas • Students will be able to differentiate between paraphrasing and summarizing • Students will be able to gather information from print and digital sources

4. Test Your Awareness Click on the picture to complete the activity.

5. PLAGIARISM? • The unauthorized use of the language and thoughts of another author and saying they are your own • DON’T WRITE WORD FOR WORD WHAT SOMEONE WRITES OR SAYS • DON’T CUT AND PASTE WHEN REASEARCHING FOR A PAPER OR PROJECT

6. RECOGNITION OF PARAPHRASING AND SUMMARIZING

7. What do you think? Is Budour’s definition of paraphrasing correct? YES NO

8. Budour is only partially correct. Paraphrasing is restating the idea, but there is more to it. Read on to discover the correct method for paraphrasing.

9. Excellent! You see, there is more to paraphrasing than just getting the main idea from a passage. Read on to discover the correct method for paraphrasing.

10. Paraphrasing is more than that, Budour. I think you may be getting it, but don't get it Confused with summarizing. Let me tell you about it. Paraphrasingis restating the idea in your own words.  It can be about the same length or even longer than the original passage. Summarizingis restating only the main points of the passage in your own words. It is very brief. Let's try working through the next example, Budour. It is one of the original passages from The Tell-Tale Heart by Poe that we have to paraphrase for our homework.

11. Read two different recastings of that passage. Rakesh explained that it is easy to confuse a summary and a paraphrase. Look at these choices and help Budour to label each example.

12. For an hour, I kept very still and never heard him lie down.  He was listening to the deathwatch beetles in the wall as I have done before. SUMMARY PARAPHRASE For the whole hour, I was completely still.  I never heard him lie down.  He was sitting up listening to the sounds in the wall that made him feel as if something was terribly wrong.   I have done this myself many times before. SUMMARY PARAPHRASE

13. Good job! A summary is a brief restatement in different words that focuses on the central idea(s) of the passage. It is usually presented in a brief form. This passage is just the main ideas of the original, and it is quite short. This is definitely a summary.Now, try the second recasting.

14. No, that’s not right.Remember that a paraphrase is a restatement of the passage in different words. Also, a paraphrase is about as long as the original passage. Now, try the second recasting.

15. No, that’s not the correct answer.A summary is a brief restatement in different words that focuses on the central idea(s) of the passage. It is usually presented in a brief form. This passage is about as long as the original. This cannot be a summary. Please read the recasting again.

16. Well done!Yes, this is a paraphrase because it is a restatement of the passage in different words. The paraphrase is about as long as the original passage and doesn't lose any meaning in the translation.

17. First, I read the text vey carefully. Second, I put down the book and write down what the author is trying to say. The new version must be my own words. It has to sound like me and not like the author. Third, I check my work. I ask myself “Is my version getting across what the author communicated in his work?” Rakesh, you are great! Let me try it before you get off the phone.

18. This is Poe’s original passage. Let’s see what Budour does with it. Budour’swrote this attempt at paraphrasing in her notebook.  What do you think? Was she successful? Budour’s paraphrase “On the eight night I was more cautious than usual when opening the door.” NO YES

19. No, that’s not correct. Budour is restating the idea, but there is something wrong with how she has done this.

20. You are right. There is more to paraphrasing than just restating the passage.

21. That was great Budour, but there is still a problem with your version.   Listen up. When we are using literature or someone else's writing for our work, we have to avoid plagiarism. No way.This is getting crazy.  What in the world is plagiarism?

22. Yes, you’re right, Budour, but you will get it soon with some more practice. Plagiarism is when a writer copies words directly from an author without telling where they got them. Take a look at your paraphrase and remember the steps to a good paraphrase Try it again, Budour. Try paraphrasing this sentence from Poe.

23. This is Poe’s original sentence. Let’s see what Budour does with it. “I knew that sound well too.” Look at these choices and help Budour to paraphrase effectively. I knew that sound very well. It was a sound I recognized. It was a sound I recognized too well. C A B

24. No, that is incorrect. This is so close to the original. This is most certainly plagiarism. You should add your perspective to the writing. Your paraphrase should include your own understanding of the passage AND especially your own words. Please try again.

25. No, that is incorrect. This restatement is different from the author`s original; however, it is very basic and does not tell the full meaning of the sentence. Poe used ``well`` to describe how he knew it. Which choice makes that same emphasis? Try again.

26. Great! This one is just right. Neither the author's words nor the author’s sentence structure has been borrowed. The sentence captures the full meaning because it emphasizes that the sound is one the murderer knows “well”.

27. You have got is, Budour. Before I go, let me remind you one thing: When you paraphrase or summarize, avoid plagiarism and do not leave anything out. Think about it like this. Imagine that you're giving directions.  When you put those directions in your own words, you don't want to leave anything out.  Someone could get lost or even hurt. Wow, Rakesh. You have really been a great help on this assignment. I think now I need to study class materials on paraphrasing and summarizing, but can I call you again if I get stuck? Of course, call me anytime you like.

28. PARAPHRASING 2 3 1 4 Click house to come back to this page.

29. EFFECTIVE PARAPHRASING Toparaphrasechange... to synonyms word forms a clause to a phrase (viceversa) active voice to passive voice (viceversa) a quoted speech to indirect speech(viceversa) linkersandconnectives andcombineanddivide interpretmeaning

30. SYNONYMS Replace the original words with words that mean the samebut be careful. People are worriedabout internet security. afraid, apprehensive, beside oneself, bothered, clutched, concerned, distracted, distraught, distressed, disturbed, fearful, fretful, frightened, hung up, ill at ease, nervous, on edge, on pins and needles, overwrought, perturbed, solicitous, tense, tormented, uneasy, upset

31. WORD FORMS adjective--------------- adverb noun-------------------- verb Most scientists agree that these factors may have a significanteffect on regional climates. There is agreement among most scientists that these factors may significantlyaffect regional climates. (v) (adj) (n) (n) (adv) (v)

32. CLAUSES AND PHRASES Words, once they are printed, have a life of their own. Whentheyareprinted, wordshave a life of theirown.

33. ACTIVE VOICE TO PASSIVE VOICE Scientistsareconductingexperimentstotest thehypothesis. Experimentsarebeingconductedtotest thehypothesis.

34. QUOTED SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH Mr. Yıldız said, “People are worried about internet security.” Mr. Yıldız saidpeoplewereworriedabout Internet security.

35. USE OR CHANGE TRANSITIONS, LINKERS ANS CONNECTIVES • before, after, since, although, because, if, • unless, so, that, while, when • and, but, or, nor, for, yet, however • because (of), due to, owing to, as a result of, • on account of, etc

36. COMBINE AND DIVIDE SENTENCES Many different gases induce warming via the greenhouse effect. Some gases are highly stable and linger in the atmosphere for decades or even a century or more. A numberof gasesremain in theatmosphere for a 100 yearsormore. Thiscauses global warming viathegreenhouseeffect.

37. INTERPRET MEANING Identify the underlying meaning of a statement Thewolfsaid, “I am ready for lunch.” Thesheeplookedveryworried. Thewolfcomplained about being hungry, whichmadethesheepextremelyanxious.

38. WHY AND WHEN WHY

39. WHY AND WHEN WHEN

40. PRACTICE Important instructions: Read the given sentence for each question. Choose the incorrect paraphrase. Click on the next button to get started.

41. PRACTICE The temperature in many parts of the world is gradually rising. The temperature in lots of places around the world is slowly increasing. Temperatures in many places around the planet are slowly becoming higher. Temperatures of lots of places around the globe are gradually rising. Temperatures around the planet once rose by degrees. A B C D

42. PRACTICE No, that is not the correct answer. A is a good paraphrase of the given sentence. Try again.

43. PRACTICE No, that is not the correct answer. B is a good paraphrase of the given sentence. Try again.

44. PRACTICE No, that is not the correct answer. C is a good paraphrase of the given sentence. Try again.

45. PRACTICE Excellent! D is an incorrect paraphrase. The original sentence is in present continuous tense, but D is in past simple tense.

46. PRACTICE • 2) There are many advantages to overseas travel. • If you trip overseas, you can learn much. • Overseas travel has many benefits. • Traveling abroad is a plus in many ways. • Traveling abroad is advantageous in many respects. A B C D

47. PRACTICE Excellent! A is an incorrect paraphrase. The original sentence does not include information about “learning”.

48. PRACTICE No, that is not the correct answer. B is a good paraphrase of the given sentence. Try again.

49. PRACTICE No, that is not the correct answer. C is a good paraphrase of the given sentence. Try again.

50. PRACTICE No, that is not the correct answer. D is a good paraphrase of the given sentence. Try again.