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ENG 213 MIDSEMESTER EXAM

ENG 213 MIDSEMESTER EXAM. An Introduction to Language (8 th Edition, 2007) by Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman and Nina Hyams, Chapters 1-6. CONTRAST 1. allophones-phonemes bound-free morphemes competence-performance

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ENG 213 MIDSEMESTER EXAM

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  1. ENG 213 MIDSEMESTER EXAM An Introduction to Language (8th Edition, 2007) by Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman and Nina Hyams, Chapters 1-6 16

  2. CONTRAST 1 • allophones-phonemes • bound-free morphemes • competence-performance • complementary opposites (alive/dead) complementary distribution-contrastive distribution-free variation • diphthong-digraph • gradable opposites (hot/cold) 16

  3. CONTRAST 2 • inflectional-derivational morphology • logical-structural subject • phrasal categories-lexical categories • prescriptive-descriptive grammar • relational opposites (buy/sell, employer/employee) • stop-continuant • systematic-accidental gap • time-place-person deixis • Empirical, Linguistic, Metaphorical Truth 16

  4. THE COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE:CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES • Given the outline form, be able to fill in all of the designations: • I. Quantity • A. Be informative • B. Don’t give too much information • II. Quality • A. Don’t lie or mislead • B. Don’t make unverifiable statements • III. Relation • A. Be relevant • IV. Manner • A. Avoid obscurity • B. Avoid ambiguity • C. Be succinct • D. Be orderly 16

  5. DEFINITIONS 1 • Affricate • Coarticulation • Coronal • entailment relationship • Glottal • Onomatopoeia 16

  6. DEFINITIONS 2 • Performative • Recursion • redundancy rules • Sonorant • Suprasegmental • Theme • wh-question transformation 16

  7. DEFINITIONS 3 • Chiasmus • Eponymy • Frame Semantics • Irony • Metaphor • Metonymy • Nonsense • Oxymoron • Synecdoche • Sniglet 16

  8. DIAGRAMING • Given sentences, be able to draw tree diagrams 16

  9. EXAMPLES • diacritical mark • Hyponymy • Legal language • minimal pair • suppletive form 16

  10. IDENTIFICATIONS • Be able to uniquely identify given sounds by giving their places and manners of articulation. • Be able to identify the sounds determined by particular sets of distinctive features • Given sentences, identify Subjects, Direct Objects, Indirect Objects 16

  11. INNATENESS HYPOTHESIS • Give ten types of evidence which support Noam Chomsky’s “Innateness Hypothesis.” 16

  12. LONG-ANSWER ESSAY (15 POINTS) • 1. Explain in detail how non-standard English is more logical than is standard English • 2. In detail, compare and contrast human language with various animal languages. 16

  13. SHORT-ANSWER ESSAY(5 POINTS) • Explain the concept of "elegance" 16

  14. TRANSCRIPTIONS • Given phonemic symbols, transcribe into regular orthography • Given regular orthography, transcribe into phonemic script 16

  15. CONTRAST • Phonology • Graphology • Morphology • Syntax • Semantics • Pragmatics 16

  16. *CONTRAST • Prescriptive Adequacy • Descriptive Adequacy • Explanatory Adequacy • Evaluative Adequacy 16

  17. *EXAMPLES OF THE FOLLOWING • Lexical Ambiguity • Syntactic Ambiguity • Lexical Anomaly • Syntactic Anomaly • Lexical Paraphrase • Syntactic Paraphrase 16

  18. *(SEMANTIC) GAPS: Be able to give an example of each of the following: • Borrowing • Loan Translation • Meaning Shift • Suffixation • Prefixation • Compound • Blend • Clipping • Back Formation • Acronym • Metathesis • Coinage • Part-of-Speech Change 16

  19. THEMATIC ROLESContrast the following • Actor or Agent • Animate cause • Experiencer • Animate affected • Instrument • Inanimate cause • Object or Patient • Inanimate affected 16

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