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The Cold War

The Cold War. Continued Change in China. The Deng Era . 1976 - Deng Xiaoping and the pragmatists gain power Still Communist Party control over the Chinese Government Deng more willing than Mao to “learn” from the capitalist west. The Deng Era. The Four Modernizations Agriculture

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War Continued Change in China

  2. The Deng Era • 1976 - Deng Xiaoping and the pragmatists gain power • Still Communist Party control over the Chinese Government • Deng more willing than Mao to “learn” from the capitalist west

  3. The Deng Era • The Four Modernizations • Agriculture • Replace communes – use “responsibility system” based on family farming • Industry • Increase efficiency – base production on supply/demand rather than government order • Some private ownership permitted • Foreign business and technology welcomed • Special Economic Zones – areas in China where foreigners could own and operate businesses with little government interference

  4. The Deng Era • The Four Modernizations • Science • Increase in research and spending • Defense • Modernization • Increase in size and spending • Effects • Increased standard of living • Social gap (rich vs. poor) • Increased crime, corruption

  5. The Deng Era • Tiananmen Square Massacre • Deng refuses political freedoms • Students/intellectuals begin to protest for a more “open” political system • May 1989: 100,000 rally for reform at Tiananmen Square in Beijing • Troops/tanks sent in to disperse crowd • Thousands killed/wounded • Damages China’s prestige

  6. China After Deng • 1989 - Deng steps down and names Jiang Zemin as President (still controls from “behind the scenes” until 1997) • The Economy • Millions of rural peasants move to cities for work • Pressures: housing, education, pollution, services, etc. • Capitalist-style reforms • Buying stock in state-run companies

  7. China After Deng • The Economy • Public Works Project – Three Gorges Dam • Created jobs • Provides electricity • 2 million people relocated for construction • Effects • Overcrowding • Environmental concerns

  8. China After Deng • Human Rights • Limitations on freedoms • Speech and press • Procreation (“one-child” policy) • “Free” religion • Growing ethnic unrest • China has 56 different ethnic groups • Strong unrest in Tibet • 1950 - Conquered by China • Dalai Lama (Buddhist spiritual leader) leads global movement for independence

  9. China After Deng • International Relations • Strained relations with western nations • Tensions: Trade vs. Human Rights issues and Military Development • Increased trade within Asia • Especially Japan, North and South Korea • Friendly relations with post-Soviet Russia

  10. Hong Kong • Regained from British 1997 • After 156 years of British rule • Major global port and financial center • Plan: maintains capitalism and freedoms for first 50 • Had freely-elected legislature • Opposed by Communists • Replaced by Communist-selected legislature

  11. Taiwan • Established by Nationalists under Chaing Kai-shek during the Chinese civil war • Island of Taiwan was established as the Republic of China with Taipei as the capital • Both groups recognized it as a province of China • Prosperous trade • 1988: President Lee Teng-hui allows political parties to challenge the Nationalists • Democratic elections • Uncertain political future

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