GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1 • In-class and distance learning • Land and water interaction • Geospatial database of hydrologic features • Curved earth and a flat map

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1 • In-class and distance learning • Geospatial database of hydrologic features • ArcGIS Hydro data model • Curved earth and a flat map

Lectures Powerpoint slides Video streaming Readings “Modeling our World” Narratives written around slides Homework Term Project Oral presentation HTML report Class Interaction Email Chat room Examinations Midterm, final Six Basic Course Elements

Instructor-Centered Presentation Community-Centered Presentation Learning Styles Instructor Student

Traditional Classroom Community Inside and Outside The Classroom University Without Walls

Utah State University Dr David Tarboton – terrain analysis with digital elevation models Dr Tarboton will present lectures on Sept 25, Oct 4, Oct 23, Oct 25

Geospatial Database

Levels of Analysis:Relational Database Relational Linkages Spatial Attributes Water Right Locations Descriptive Attributes

Spatial Data: Vector format Vector data are defined spatially: (x1,y1) Point - a pair of x and y coordinates vertex Line - a sequence of points Node Polygon - a closed set of lines

Raster and Vector Data Raster data are described by a cell grid, one value per cell Vector Raster Point Line Zone of cells Polygon

National Hydro Data Programshttp://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/nhdconf/nationalhydro.html National Elevation Dataset (NED) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Elevation Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA) Watershed Boundary Dataset

How do we combine these data? Digital Elevation Models Streams Watersheds Waterbodies

An integrated raster-vector database

ArcGIS HydroData Model Hydrology Hydrography

Flow Time Time Series ArcGIS Hydro Data Model Network Drainage HydroFeatures Hydrography Channel

Data Model Based on Inventory NHD Points Make an inventory of all features of a given type in the region NHD Lines NHD Areas Gages What is it? Where is it? Dams Bridges

Data Model Based on Behavior Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.

Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement

Open Architecture for Water Modeling Interface 1 ArcGIS Interface 2 HydroModel Process Engines Temporal Data Geospatial data Interface 4 Custom-designed Interface 3 Excel

TIWSSTexas Integrated Water Simulation System WRAP Water Availability SWAT Water Quality Arc Hydro Geospatial and Temporal Data Modflow Groundwater HEC Models Flooding & Water Management

Origin of Geographic Coordinates Equator (0,0) Prime Meridian

Latitude and Longitude Longitude line (Meridian) N W E S Range: 180ºW - 0º - 180ºE Latitude line (Parallel) N W E S (0ºN, 0ºE) Equator, Prime Meridian Range: 90ºS - 0º - 90ºN

Latitude and Longitude in North America Austin: (30°N, 98°W) Logan: (42°N, 112°W) 60 N 30 N 60 W 120 W 90 W 0 N

Map Projection Flat Map Cartesian coordinates: x,y (Easting & Northing) Curved Earth Geographic coordinates: f, l (Latitude & Longitude)

Representative Fraction Globe distanceEarth distance = Earth to Globe to Map Map Projection: Map Scale: Scale Factor Map distanceGlobe distance = (e.g. 0.9996) (e.g. 1:24,000)

Coordinate System A planar coordinate system is defined by a pair of orthogonal (x,y) axes drawn through an origin Y X Origin (xo,yo) (fo,lo)

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1