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The Reform Movement: Girolamo Savonarola and the Transformation of Renaissance Florence and Venice

This overview explores the profound influence of Girolamo Savonarola (1452–1498) during the Renaissance, particularly in Florence. Savonarola's call for spiritual renewal and reform contrasted sharply with the opulence of the time, leading to significant political and social changes. The convent of San Marco became a hub for his followers, the Piagnoni, leading to fervent rivalries with opponents like the Arrabbiati. The culmination of his reformist zeal can be traced to the execution in 1498, marking a turning point that influenced later Catholic reforms, including the Fifth Lateran Council and the Council of Trent.

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The Reform Movement: Girolamo Savonarola and the Transformation of Renaissance Florence and Venice

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  1. Reform • Florence and Venice in the Renaissance HI320

  2. Girolamo Savonarola (1452 – 1498) Fra Bartolomeo, Savonarola (1497)

  3. Fra Angelico, Crucifixion, San Marco The convent of San Marco in Florence

  4. 1494: turning point

  5. “If you do this, your city will be glorious, because in this way it will be reformed with regard to both the spiritual and the temporal. And Florence will become richer and more powerful than ever and will extend its power to many places”

  6. Politics and Religion • followers: piagnoni, frateschi • fanciulli = male youth groups • opponents: arrabbiati (also compagnacci)

  7. Spiritual Renewal A bonfire of vanities by San Bernardino of Siena

  8. Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia, r. 1492-1503)

  9. 23 May 1498, Execution of Savonarola

  10. Sixteenth-Century Reform • Fifth Lateran Council 1512-17 • spirituali Cardinal Gaspare Contarini (1483-1542)

  11. 1540s: another turning point • intransigenti • Jesuit Order • Inquisition • apostasy • Council of Trent Fra Bernardino Ochino (1487-64)

  12. Catholic Reform 1564 Index of Prohibited Books

  13. Veronese, The feast in the house of Levi, 1573

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