1 / 13

Blood Groups/Types

Blood Groups/Types. Blood Group Terms. Antigens: chemical structures imparting specific properties to the surface of the RBC Antibodies: protein substance developed in response to foreign body substances. Blood Group Systems.

ivana
Télécharger la présentation

Blood Groups/Types

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Blood Groups/Types

  2. Blood Group Terms • Antigens: chemical structures imparting specific properties to the surface of the RBC • Antibodies: protein substance developed in response to foreign body substances

  3. Blood Group Systems • Detected on the basis of specific reaction with corresponding antibody (either agglutination, lysis, or hemolysis) as a result of the presence or absence of the blood protein antigens on the RBC surface • Inherited according to Mendelian laws • Fully formed either at birth or in early postnatal life & persist throughout life

  4. ABO System • Discovered by Landsteiner in 1900 • Prior to discovery, blood transfusions were hit or miss • Type A, Type B, Type AB, & Type O

  5. Type A • 41% of population • Has A antigens on the RBC surface • Has anti-B antibodies in the plasma • Genotypes AA & AO = Phenotype A

  6. Type B • 10% of population • Has B antigens on the RBC surface • Has anti-A antibodies in the plasma • Genotype BB & BO = Phenotype B

  7. Type AB • 4 % of population • Has A & B antigens on the RBC surface • Has NO antibodies in the plasma • Universal Recipient: can receive Type A, Type B, Type AB, or Type O blood  NO antibodies in plasma to react with antigens • Genotypes: AB = Phenotype AB

  8. Type O • 45% of population • Has NO antigens on RBC surface • Has anti-A & anti-B antibodies in the plasma • Universal Donor: can be given to any blood type  no antigens on the RBCs • Genotype OO = Phenotype O

  9. Rh System • Discovered by Landsteiner & Wiener in 1937 • Discovered in the Rhesus monkey • Rh is an antigen on the RBC surface

  10. Rh + has the antigens on the RBC (85% of population) • Rh – does NOT have the Rh antigens • Rh + can accept Rh + or Rh – blood • Rh – can accept ONLY Rh - blood

  11. Rh Incompatibility • When Rh– person receives Rh+ blood in a transfusion  person develops antibodies against the Rh+ factor • Clinical problem if second transfusion of Rh+ blood given  Rh antibodies will clump with the Rh antigens • S & S of transfusion reaction: chills, fever, rash, itching, SOB, nausea, nephralgia, hematuria, shock & death

  12. Erythroblastosis fetalis • Rh– mother and Rh+ father  Rh+ child 1st pregnancy • Mother develops antibodies to baby’s Rh+ antigens • 2nd pregnancy with Rh+ child  mother’s anti-Rh antibodies attack unborn child’s RBCs • Prevention: shot of Rhogam shortly after birth of first Rh+ baby to block development of antibodies

  13. Erythroblastosis fetalis • Antigen-antibody reaction due to mixing of Rh+ blood of fetus with Rh- blood of mother during 2nd Rh+ pregnancy • Prevented with shot of Rhogam at birth of 1st Rh+ baby

More Related