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Wars of the Old Northwest: Conflicts and Consequences (1790s-1812)

In the late 18th century, Native American tribes including the Miami, Delaware, and Shawnee united against American expansion in the Old Northwest. The pivotal Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, led by General "Mad Anthony" Wayne, resulted in a decisive victory that shaped the future of Ohio. The Treaty of Greenville granted the U.S. significant territory, but Native American resistance persisted. The rise of leaders like Tenskwatawa, the "Prophet," and Tecumseh culminated in conflicts such as the Battle of Tippecanoe. The War Hawks' growing nationalism and maritime grievances against Britain eventually led to the War of 1812.

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Wars of the Old Northwest: Conflicts and Consequences (1790s-1812)

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  1. The Road to War. Section 4

  2. War in the old Northwest • 1790’s: Miami, Delaware, Shawnee, came together to fight American expansion. • Battle of Fallen Timbers: 1794 General “Mad Anthony” Wayne led the legion to victory in present day northwestern Ohio. • Treaty of Greenville: • Gave up southern two thirds of Ohio for $20,000. • Ohio River was no longer a permanent boundary

  3. Returning to Indian Traditions Tenskwatawa the “Prophet”. Return to Traditional Native American ways. 1808: Established Prophetstown on the Wabash River in Indiana. Confederation: League Brother Tecumseh.

  4. Military Action • Tecumseh. • Rejected treaty of Greenville. • Rallied opposition against the Treaty. • Battle of Tippecanoe: November 7, 1811. • Stalemate: But Indian moral crushed. • Few days later Harrison burned town Prophetstown.

  5. A Push to War. • Fighting with Native Americans hurt relations between the U.S. and Britain. • Br. Supplied guns and ammunition to the Native Americans. • Ban on trade was to expire. • Madison: If either the Br. Or Fr. stopped seizing ships the U.S. would halt trade with the other nation. • Napoleon quickly responded to America’s promise.

  6. War Hawks… • Those for War against the British. • Members of Congress from the South and the West. • Nationalism: • Devotions to one’s country. • Henry Clay: • Outspoken hawk from Kt. • Punish Br. for seizing ships. • Wanted to conquer Canada. • Could seize Florida if go to war.

  7. Congress Declares War… • Br. Continued to board Amer. Ships and impress Amer. Seamen. • Blockaded American ports. • May 11, 1811: • New York Harbor. • Battle between Amer. Frigate and Br. Warship. • Br. Ship crippled/ 32 Br. Sailors left dead or wounded. • John Randolph of Virginia. • June 1812: War Declared on Br.

  8. Checking for Understanding • What happened at Fallen Timbers? What result came from it? • What was the Battle of Tippecanoe? • Who were the War Hawks?

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