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Explanation

Explanation. Communication skills required in all areas of Life and Business Communication – top personal character for promotion. Ancient Heritage for Communication Principles.

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Explanation

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  1. Explanation • Communication skills required in all areas of Life and Business • Communication – top personal character for promotion

  2. Ancient Heritage for Communication Principles • Western principles of oral communication developed in ancient Greece and Rome, then in Medieval and Renaissance periods. • Written communication originated in Chinese bureaucrat tradition.

  3. Lifeblood of Every Organization • Whatsoever organizations is? Internal Communication • Downward Communication – clear job direction, organizational strategy, products and controversial issues, employee benefits. • Upward Communication – new management styles seek frank comments • Horizontal • Global Competition External Communication • For customers, share holders & Govt. & competitors through annual reports, pamphlets, realizes to comments and criticisms from outside.

  4. Overall Communication Costs • 29 – 50% of time to spent on writing • In MNCs – consensus, Memos, reports, employee, manuals, bulletins and news letters are routine practice. • Managers 49.4% of time in writing • Technical workers 40.7% • Clerical staff 51.6%

  5. Benefits in Career • A research showed in 340 jobs in 30 fields required communication skills as a basic requirement. • American senators have around 60 people for this work on different fronts.

  6. An Essential for Promotion Ability to communicate Ambition - drive College education Sound decision-making skills Self-confidence Good appearance Ability to get things done with and through people Capacity for hard work

  7. Challenges of Communication in the Global Market • Developing the right attitude “To the customer you are the company” • e.g. personalized answer to customer who have lost policy give him personalized viewpoint.

  8. Preparing Adequately needs following:- • Careful Judgment • Patience even to insulting persons • Integrity with valid code of ethics • Applied knowledge of communication • Knowledge of cultural convention of audience • Becoming Flexible • Changing demographics – changes in management styles • Within organization and diversity in customers

  9. Components of Communication • Context • Sender-Encoder • Message • Medium • Receiver-Decoder • Feedback

  10. Context – includes country, culture, organization, external and internal stimulus • Different for every organization • External stimuli? • Internal stimuli? • Sender – Encoder • You try to choose symbols usually words / graphic. • Message • The core idea including both verbal symbols and nonverbal symbols. • Giving information about product is easy. But explaining why company headquarter to another country is very difficult. • Medium • Printed word, electronic mail or sound

  11. Inside Organizations • Written channel when documentation is required oral channel when message is urgent or personal. • Inside Organization – written media may be memos, reports, bulletins, job descriptions, posters, notes, employee manuals, electronic boards even internal fans. • Oral communication may be in the form of staff meeting reports, face to face discussion, presentation, audio tapes, telephone chats, teleconferences or videotape, grapevine etc. Outside Organizations • Through letters, reports, proposals, telegrams, cablegrams, mailgrams, fanes, teleconferences, video conferences or television.

  12. Receiver – Decoders • Sees on personal experience, attitudes, skills etc. which give totally give different meaning to message according to his or her own context. Feed Back • Desired response or undesired response or silence.

  13. A Communication Model CONTEXT Stimuli (experiences,attitudes, skillsPerceptionIdea encoding Symbol decisionsSending mechanisms Sender - Encoder Message (experience,attitude, skills)Receptor mechanismsPerceptionDecodingIdea interpretation Receiver - Encoder Medium Verbal, nonverbal Feed Back Verbal, nonverbal

  14. Concepts and Problems of Communication • No two people are exactly alike in world about culture? • Japanese are inordinately slow • Germans are thorough in their reports • French are so polite in letter writing • Middle Eastern people are less concerned with time • Each person’s mind is a unique filter • Conventions of meaning • Perceptions of reality • Values, attitudes, and opinion

  15. Conventions of Meaning • A fundamental principle are symbols of some meaning e.g. people generally understand laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of retribution) and sonar (Sound Navigation Ranging) • While people don’t understand FIFO (first in first out) and LIFT (last in, first out) except accountants. • Word sun has 71 meaning as a verb • 35 – noun • 4 – objective

  16. Examples Bimonthly report mans “Twice two months” Tenement in law has meanings “a holding land” To table means to put off till next in USA means to act on it in British Denotation is usually the dictionary definition of a word A connotation is an implication of a word or a suggestion separate from the usual definition.

  17. Examples • Favorable connotations e.g. efficient, gentle, prompt • Unfavorable connotation e.g. lazy, cowardly, rotten • Positive & negative connotation e.g. fat check and fat girl • Free enterprise and free (rude, hold) manners sucker (customers) and sucker. Cheap product and cheap price • Mixed feelings e.g. feminist, amnesty, gay.

  18. Perception of Reality • Human beings sensory perception vary? • Abstracting – focusing on some details and omitting others is a process called abstracting. • Necessary, desirable abstracts – keeping in view limited time, expense, space, purpose etc. • Slanted statements – slanting is unfair in factual reporting • Inferring – are conclusions down from evidence

  19. Desirable Inferences Foreign airport – hospitable treatment On elevator – desired floor Dropping in million – delivery Risks of Inferences e.g. staggering of management trainee Drinking problem or Meniere’s syndrome

  20. Values Attitude and Opinions • Favorable or unfavorable information • Effective communicator emphasizes receivers interests • Inadequate or incorrect information • Happy customer on adjustment • Sad on wrong information about better deal with other customer. • Closed minds e.g. Musharraf • Sender’s credibility • A democrat trusts a democrat while republican trust a republican. • Other circumstances affecting attitudes

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