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Understanding Climate Feedback Mechanisms and Sensitivity to CO2 Doubling

This article explores the feedback parameters that impact climate sensitivity, particularly through changes in global mean surface air temperature in response to alterations in radiative forcing, such as doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide. It examines key feedbacks: the negative Stefan-Boltzmann Law, the positive water vapor and ice/snow albedo feedbacks, and the uncertain cloud feedback. The equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates range from 2°C to 4.5°C, with a most likely value around 3°C, highlighting the importance of feedback mechanisms in climate change projections.

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Understanding Climate Feedback Mechanisms and Sensitivity to CO2 Doubling

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  1. FEEDBACK PARAMETERS Let Ts= global mean surface air temperature R= net flux of heat into the climate system ΔRf = change in R due to some change in the forcing, e.g., a doubling of CO2 ΔTs = equilibrium change in Ts due toΔRf

  2. Define Feedback parameters: assuming the structure of the climate system is fixed due to changes in the structure i = 1, 2, 3, … If the perturbation is small then

  3. FEEDBACKS AFFECTING CLIMATE SENSITIVITY • Stefan-Boltzmann Law (negative, λ = - 3.3 W/m2/K) • Water Vapor Feedback (positive, λ = 1 to 1.5 W/m2/K) • Ice/Snow Albedo Feedback (positive, λ = 0.1 to 0.5 W/m2/K) • Cloud Feedback (λ = ?)

  4. The equilibrium global mean SAT warming for a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), or ‘equilibrium climate sensitivity’, is likely to lie in the range 2°C to 4.5°C, with a most likely value of about 3°C. IPCC 4AR Chapter 10

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