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T h e A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f R o m e HST 201 - Survey of Western Civilization I

Session 7 The Evolution of Roman Political Organization, from Monarchy to Empire. . T h e A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f R o m e HST 201 - Survey of Western Civilization I. The aftermath of Alex: Division of the empire and perseverance of Greek culture

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T h e A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f R o m e HST 201 - Survey of Western Civilization I

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  1. Session 7The Evolution of Roman Political Organization, from Monarchy to Empire. T h e A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f R o m eHST 201 - Survey of Western Civilization I

  2. The aftermath of Alex: Division of the empire and perseverance of Greek culture > Evaluation: Ego trip? Planned empire? Power of Greek Culture? Vengeance? > The three successors seem to adopt the local traditions in support of their political process of legitimacy; > Two-faced power: to locals and to Greeks; > Ptolemaic power in Alexandria and Egypt for 3 c. The city evolves and prospers; the countryside is exploited; any different from the real Pharaohs? > Revival of the Persian Empire; > The less fortunate: Macedonia; > Explosive growth of (free & unregulated) trade; > Cultural advances, the birth of Hellenism.

  3. Hellenistic Art: syncretism between Greek Classical art and Oriental traditions > What were the principal themes of Hellenistic architecture and sculpture? 150 BC 150 BC Rhodes (copy?) 150-100 BC

  4. Chronology: General Political Evolution >Foundation of the city and 753 BCestablishment of the monarchy> Roman Republic established ca 500> Establishment of the Latin Right 493> Law of the 12 tables 450 > Equestrian order established ca 300 > Concilium Plebis gains power 287> Empire established 27> Golden Age of Rome 100-180 AD> Diocletian partitions the empire 280 AD > Constantine and the decline 320 AD> Fall of the Western Empire 476 AD

  5. Chronology: Wars and Expansion > Against its neighbors, initial expansion, monarchy > 1st Samnite war 343-341 > The Latin War, 340-338 > 2nd & 3rd Samnite wars 329-290 > The Punic Wars: Carthage 1st 264-241 / 2nd 218-201 / 3rd149-146 “Delenda est Cartago” as the Cato the Great repeated constantly…Carthage must be destroyed

  6. Chronology: Social issues of the the Republic > Slaves revolt In Sicily 134-104> Gracchian reforms 133-122> Rule of Marius 107-100, 86> Marsian War, revolts, rights 91-87 > Sulla dictator, aristocracy 82 > Spartacus leads slave revolt 73-71> 1st Triumvirate, JC P C 60> Pompey becomes sole consul 52> Caesar becomes sole consul 48> Caesar becomes sole dictator 46> J.C., Dictator, assassinated 44 > 2nd Triumvirate, O MA L 42-31> Octavian becomes sole consul 27

  7. Hierarchical system Patricians Plebeians Equestrian class, commercial Freedmen Foreigners Slaves

  8. Q of chapter 5 on the Evolution of the Roman Society > How did the Etruscans and Greeks influence early Roman society? > How democratic was the early Roman society? > What were the consequences of the Roman territorial expansion during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC? > What issues caused the social struggles of the late Republic? > Why did the "Augustan system" succeed? > What impact did Rome's expanding empire have on Roman society and culture? > Why did so many critics of Roman life during the Principate focus their criticism on the behavior of women? > What factors brought the Roman empire to the brink of ruin? > Did Rome fall? Why or why not?

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