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16 Days

16 Days. The Origin of Human Life. first there are two:. t 1. t 2. but somewhere along the way there is one. t 3. t 4. t 5. t 6. t 7. t 8. a. single-cell zygote (day 0) b: multi-cell zygote (days 0-3) c. morula (day 3) d. early blastocyst (day 4) e. implantation (days 6-13)

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16 Days

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  1. 16 Days

  2. The Origin of Human Life

  3. first there are two: t1

  4. t2

  5. but somewhere along the way there is one t3

  6. t4

  7. t5

  8. t6

  9. t7

  10. t8

  11. a. single-cell zygote (day 0) • b: multi-cell zygote (days 0-3) • c. morula (day 3) • d. early blastocyst (day 4) • e. implantation (days 6-13) • f. gastrulation (days 14-16) • g. neurulation (from day 16) • h. formation of the brain stem (days 40-43) • i. end of first trimester (day 98) • j. viability (around day 130) • k. sentience (around day 140) • l. quickening (around day 150) • m. birth (day 266) • n. the development of self-consciousness (some time after birth)

  12. Alternative thresholds for substantial change • single-cell zygote • ‘human life deserves protection’ • vs. ‘human beings deserve protection’

  13. a. single-cell zygote (day 0) • b: multi-cell zygote (days 0-3) • c. morula (day 3) • d. early blastocyst (day 4) • e. implantation (days 6-13) • f. gastrulation (days 14-16) • g. neurulation (from day 16) • h. formation of the brain stem (days 40-43) • i. end of first trimester (day 98) • j. viability (around day 130) • k. sentience (around day 140) • l. quickening (around day 150) • m. birth (day 266) • n. the development of self-consciousness (some time after birth)

  14. The thesis • ‘human being’, ‘human individual’, ‘human organism’ are all synonyms • a substantial change occurs at the latest 16 days after fertilization • and as a result of this substantial change a human being comes into existence

  15. Gastrulation eatworms.swmed.edu/~leon/med_neuro/neurogenesis.ppt

  16. early mammalian embryos • are not featureless bundles of cells – since they contain already the programming for gastrulation

  17. But then Daniel doesn’t want to save life after all: • … isn't it implausible to want to protect human life? • Even a cut-off finger would be deserving of protection. … • Early fosters are morally nearly on a par with cut-off fingers. … • … blah blah blah

  18. Substantial changes must be instantaneous • Compare: • two drops of water flow together and become one • an ameoba splits and becomes two

  19. The process of becoming a person • is not instantaneous • whatever comes into existence when a person comes into existence is not a substance

  20. Rather • it is something like a new quality or a new capacity • ‘person’, like ‘student’ is a phase sortal • but then the question remains: what is the substance which underlies this quality or capacity? • and when does it begin to exist?

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