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Japan's Expansionist Path: The Economic Struggles and Strategic Decisions Leading to Conflict

The economic turmoil of the Great Depression severely impacted Japan's reliance on foreign resources, leading to drastic declines in imports. Facing a critical shortage of essential goods like oil, Japan resorted to militaristic expansion by attacking territories like Manchuria and Indochina, while the United States responded with sanctions and trade embargoes. Japan's leaders reasoned that destroying the U.S. Navy would prevent resistance and compel America to resume oil trade. This complex interplay of economic necessity and geopolitical ambitions culminated in Japan's attack on America.

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Japan's Expansionist Path: The Economic Struggles and Strategic Decisions Leading to Conflict

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  1. Reasons Japan Attacked America

  2. The Great Depression • Japan relied on trading with foreign nations for important resources (coal, oil, etc). • Imports went down drastically because of the Great Depression. • Japan was no longer able to rely on other nations for its resources • Japan needed to find another way to obtain these essential resources

  3. Quick Review • Discuss the following with your partner • How did the Great Depression negatively impact Japan’s economy?

  4. U.S. Stops Trading with Japan • Japan looked to increase its resources by expanding its empire (conquer other lands) • Japan attacked Manchuria (part of China) • Japan took over Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos). • The League of Nations reprimanded Japan but refused to take action • The United States put strong sanctions on Japan and cut off its trade with them, and encouraged other nations to do the same. • The United States also began lending money to Japan’s enemies.

  5. Quick Review • Please discuss the following with your partner. • What were the two effects of the lack of imports for Japan? • How did the League of Nations respond to Japan expanding its empire? • How did the United States respond to Japan expanding its empire?

  6. Lack of Oil • Japan needed oil for its war/expansion cause • Japan’s military leaders warned that the nation would run out of oil within five years without new oil coming into the nation. • Japan needed America to end its embargo or Japan would conquer the oil fields in the Dutch East Indies.

  7. Racism/Not Being Accepted • Following World War I Japan made a proposal to the Western world to accept east Asians as their equals. • The western world refused Japan’s request, sending the message that the West did not view East Asians as their equals.

  8. Japan’s Logic for Attacking America • Japan needed oil to survive • Japan’s main supplier (America) cut them off • Destroy the American navy on the west coast • America won’t be able to fight back • America will have to start trading oil with Japan again

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