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Understanding Pure Substances, Mixtures, and Their Types

This chapter explores the properties of matter, focusing on pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance has a fixed composition and can be an element or a compound, such as gold and table salt. Elements are made of identical atoms, while compounds consist of two or more elements. Mixtures contain multiple substances that can be separated physically. They are categorized into heterogeneous mixtures, where distinct materials can be identified, and homogeneous mixtures (solutions), where the components are uniformly distributed and cannot be seen with a microscope.

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Understanding Pure Substances, Mixtures, and Their Types

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  1. Properties of Matter Chapter 15

  2. Pure Substances • A pure substance, or simply a substance, is a type of matter with a fixed composition. This means it is made of the same stuff. • A substance can be either an element (like gold) or a compound (like salt).

  3. Elements • All substances are built from atoms. If all the atoms in a substance have the same identity, that substance is an element. • The graphite in your pencil point and the copper coating of most pennies are examples of elements.

  4. Compounds • Table salt is a chemical compound. Compounds are composed of two or more elements bound together. It is composed of sodium and chlorine.

  5. Mixtures • A mixture, such as the pizza or soft drink shown, is a material made up of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means.

  6. Heterogeneous Mixtures • Unlike compounds, mixtures do not always contain the same proportions of the substances that make them up. • A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily is called aheterogeneous (he tuh ruh JEE nee us) mixture. • On the slide before, which one was heterogeneous? The soda or the pizza?

  7. Homogeneous Mixtures • Soft drinks contain water, sugar, flavoring, coloring, and carbon dioxide gas. • Soft drinks in sealed bottles are examples of homogeneous mixtures.

  8. Homogeneous Mixtures • Another name for homogeneous mixtures like a cold soft drink is solution. • A solution is a homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container.

  9. Concept Connections

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